Manual on Module I Introduction to Tourism

1 1 2 Manual on Module I Introduction to Tourism (Fine-tuned version) 3 By Personal, Social and Humanities Education Section Education Bureau 4 Copyright The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region All rights reserved. The copyright of this Manual belongs to the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Commercial use is strictly prohibited. Offenders will be liable to legal responsibility. Schools need not apply for permission to copy this Manual in whole or in part for non-profit making educational or research purposes.

2 All other uses should gain prior permission in writing from the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Requests should be directed to the: Education Bureau 13/F, Room 1319, Wu Chung House 213 Queen s Road East, Wan Chai Hong Kong 5 Acknowledgements We would like to express our gratitude to the following organizations for giving us the permission to reprint some of the pictures and /or providing us with information for completing the curriculum support package: The Association of National Tourist Office Representatives in Hong Kong, ANTOR (HK); Centre for Food Safety, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department.

3 International Centre for Integrated assessment and Sustainable development (ICIS), at Maastricht University; and - graphical images of the front cover as well as of the content 6 Introduction A set of curriculum support package of Tourism and hospitality learning and teaching materials is being developed by the Personal, Social and Humanities Education Section of Curriculum Development Institute, Education Bureau for the implementation of the senior secondary Tourism and Hospitality Studies fine-tuned curriculum in schools. The curriculum support package is comprised of five manuals, and they are developed to broaden students knowledge of the five different units of the Tourism and Hospitality Studies curriculum.

4 The content of this Manual Introduction to Tourism , should enhance students understanding of the dynamic nature of the Tourism and hospitality industry. In addition, the Manual includes activities to deepen students understanding and help them to apply theories and concepts. Furthermore, students should be able to develop enquiry, problem-solving and decision-making skills through these activities. All comments and suggestions related to this curriculum support package may be sent to: Chief Curriculum Development Officer (PSHE) Personal, Social and Humanities Education Curriculum Development Institute Education Bureau 13/F, Room 1319, Wu Chung House 213 Queen s Road East, Wan Chai Hong Kong June 2013 7 Contents 1.

5 Introduction to Tourism Travel and Tourism as an Integrated Discipline Integrated Model of Tourism Key Elements in the Integrated Model of Tourism Factors that Encourage / Prohibit the Development of Tourism History of Tourism Careers in the Tourism Sector Job Opportunities Career Development 2. The Meaning of 'Travel', ' Tourism ' and 'Tourist' Concepts of Travel and Tourism Definitions of Tourist Classification of Tourists Cohen s Classification Plog s Classification s Codes of Behaviour and Other Concerned Issues Tourist s Codes of Behaviour Concerned Issues While Traveling Tourists with Special Needs 3.

6 Travel Motivations and Tourist Flows Travel Motivations Reasons of Travel / Purposes of Travel The Importance of Travel Motivations and Its Effects on Travel Decisions Typologies of Travel Motivations Concept of Tourist Flows 8 Factors Influencing Patterns of Tourist Flows 4. Tourism Products - Attractions and Destination Tourism Products Planning of Tourism Products and destinations Product Life Cycle and Its Applications in Tourism Product Planning Role and Importance of Planning in Destination Development Carrying Capacity 5.

7 Different Sectors of the Tourism Industry and Their Roles Classification of Sectors and Their Linkages Private Sectors Hospitality Transportation Intermediates Other Private Sector Facilitators Public Sectors The Major Roles of Government in Tourism Development Government Departments and Public Tourism Organizations Involved in Tourism The Case of Hong Kong The Role and Work of the Hong Kong SAR Government and Key Local Tourism Organizations Key International Tourism Organizations 6.

8 The Local Tourism Industry The Development of Tourism in Hong Kong Overview of Tourism Performance Factors that Facilitate the Development of Tourism in Hong Kong Visitor Profile 9 Analyzing Tourism Statistics The Trends of Inbound Tourism Market in Geographic, Demographic, Psychographic and Socio-economic Aspects Tourism Resources in Hong Kong 7. The Impacts of Tourism The Social and Cultural Impacts of Tourism Positive Impacts on the Social and Cultural Aspects Negative Impacts on the Social and Cultural Aspects Measurement of Social and Cultural Impact Conclusions Economic Impacts of Tourism Positive Impacts on the Economy Negative Impacts on the Economy Measurement of Economic Impact Conclusions Environmental Impacts Positive Impacts on the Environment Negative Impacts on the Environment

9 Measurement of Environmental Impact Conclusions List of Tables and Figures 10 1. Introduction to Tourism 11 Tourism embraces nearly all aspects of our society. Apart from its importance to economic changes, human socio-cultural activities and environmental development, Tourism is related to other academic subjects such as geography, economics, history, languages, psychology, marketing, business and law, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate a number of subjects to study Tourism . For example, subjects such as history and geography help us understand more about the development of the historical and geographical resources of a tourist destination.

10 Besides, subjects like marketing and business help us understand the promotion and marketing of Tourism products. The study of information technology enhances our understanding of the importance of the global distribution system and its effect on Tourism business. The study of religion and culture provides information on the cultural resources of a destination and opportunities to develop it as a cultural destination. Tourism is so vast, so complex, and so multifaceted that there is a wide range of subjects related to Tourism . Figure shows some academic subjects which are related to Tourism studies with corresponding examples.