Maran 2018 - wur.nl

1 Maran 2018 Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistanceand Antibiotic Usage in Animals in the Netherlandsin 2017 June 20182 Maran 2018 ColophonThis report is published under the acronym Maran -2018 by Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR) in collaboration with the Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) and the Netherlands Veterinary Medicines Institute (SDa). The information presented in Maran -2018 is based on total sales data and animal specific usage of antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry and the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria of animal origin and of relevance to public health. Maran -2018 is published in a combined back-to-back report with NETHMAP-2018.

2 The combined report is available on the website of WBVR at More detailed information on the usage of antibiotics per animal species is available on the website of the Netherlands Veterinary Medicines Institute ( ). Maran -2018 can be ordered from the secretariat of WBVR, p/a Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Veldman1, Prof. Dr. Mevius 1,21 Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Lelystad2 Dept. I&I, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht UniversityIng. B. Wit,Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), UtrechtDr. W. van Pelt,National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), BilthovenProf. Dr. D. Heederik, Netherlands Veterinary Medicines Institute (SDa), UtrechtThe following persons contributed to the writing of Maran 2018 Part I Total sales of antibiotics and usage in livestockDr.

3 Van Geijlswijk, Prof. Dr. D. Heederik, Prof. Dr. J. Wagenaar, Prof. Dr. J. W. Mouton,Dr. J. H. Jacobs, P. Sanders Msc, SDa, UtrechtPart II Resistance dataDr. Veldman, Dr. M. Swanenburg, Dr. D. Ceccarelli, Prof. Dr. MeviusWBVR, LelystadIng. B. Wit, NVWA, UtrechtDr. W. van Pelt, RIVM, BilthovenDr. J. Hordijk, Prof. Dr. J. WagenaarFD Utrecht3 Maran 2018 People involved in providing data for the surveillance of antimicrobial resistanceWBVR, Lelystad:Joop Testerink, Marga Japing, Arie Kant, Yvon GeurtsRIVM, Bilthoven:Max Heck, Henny Maas, Wilfrid van Pelt, Lapo Mughini Gras, Anjo VerbruggenNVWA, Utrecht Ben Wit, Petra Dop, Rianne Hagen-Lenselink, Michel Rapallini Ministry of Economic Affairs, The HagueBart van den Assum, Gertine van Ingen-ter Brinke4 Maran 2018 AcknowledgementsThis study was primarily financed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, through the project Antimicrobial Resistance Research in Animals , grant number , project leader in 2017 Dr.

4 Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority within the domain Microbiology financed by the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport provided additional financing for the work of Ing. B. Wit in animal products and the contribution to several chapters by Dr. W. van authors thank Mr. Drs. Schutte and Drs. Eussen from FIDIN for providing detailed insight into the national sales authors thank Xerox/OBT, Den Haag for the 2018 ContentsColophon 2 Acknowledgements 41 Summary 72 Usage of antibiotics in animal husbandry in the Netherlands Total sales of veterinary antibiotics in the Netherlands 2017 Analysis of sales data Trends in total sales Usage in pigs, veal calves, cattle.

5 Broilers and turkeys in the Netherlands Usage expressed in the number of international units DDDVET of the European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption in pigs, veal calves, cattle, broilers and turkeys in the Netherlands per animal-year 233 Resistance data Food-borne pathogens Salmonella Campylobacter Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) Commensal indicator organisms 514 Screening for ESBL, AmpC.

6 Carbapenemase-producing and colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in food-producing animals and meat in the Netherlands in 2017 ESBL/AmpC-producing bacteria Randomly isolated ESBL/AmpC-producing bacteria from livestock in 2017 Selective isolation of ESBLs in 2017 Carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae Monitoring in livestock Monitoring in companion animals Monitoring in imported seafood Colistin resistance 776 Maran 20187 Maran 20181 SummaryAntibiotic UsageSales of antimicrobial veterinary medicinal products (AVMP's) in 2017 (181 tonnes) showed an increase of 3% compared to 2016 (176 tonnes). In 2016, sales barely covered monitored and extrapolated use; reasons for the increase of sales in 2017 could be an increase in stock (catching up) and increased use in growing unmonitored most sectors, veal valves, pigs, broilers and turkeys, a reduction in consumption has been dairy cows and other cattle a small increase in consumption is noted.

7 The calculation of consumption is based on national conversion factors (DDDA s) of authorized drugs. Maximal transparency has been created since 2011 through monitoring antibiotics use by veterinarians and farmers. The use of antibiotics of critical importance to human health care (especially cephalosporins of 3rd and 4th generation) is reduced to an absolute minimum, even in the unmonitored sectors. Import of these AVMP's from other EU member states is not monitored in sales data, but if used in the monitored animal sectors, veterinarians are obliged to report these VMP resistanceIn 2017 S. Enteritidis ( ) followed by S. Typhimurium ( ) together with the monophasic variant of Typhimurium: S. enterica subspecies enterica 1,4,[5],12:i:- ( ), were most frequently isolated from humans suffering from salmonellosis.

8 In pigs, the monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium cattle, S. Typhimurium and S. Dublin were most commonly isolated. In poultry (including poultry products and broilers), the number of S. Paratyphi B var. Java was equal to 2016. The most isolated serovar in poultry meat in 2017 was S. Heidelberg. The highest proportions of resistance were observed in the S. Heidelberg, monophasic S. Typhimurium and in S. Kentucky, and to a lesser extent in S. Typhimurium. Ciprofloxacin resistance was most common amongst isolates from humans and poultry. Predominant serovars were S. Kentucky ( resistant), S. Infantis ( ) and Enteritidis ( ).In 2017, the proportions cefotaxime resistant (MIC > mg/L) ESBL suspected Salmonella isolates was concerning seven different serovars, isolated from human samples.

9 Cefotaxime resistance was 8 Maran 2018detected in of the Salmonella isolates obtained from (outside EU) imported poultry cefotaxime resistant isolates were found in fresh meat from Dutch retail (produced within EU).No carbapenemase producing Salmonella were found in of resistance in C. jejuni from caecal samples of broilers and meat thereof were traditionally high for quinolones and tetracycline and did not substantially change in 2017, compared to 2016. Resistance to macrolides was rarely detected in isolates from livestock and humans and almost exclusively found in C. coli isolates from broilers and pigs. Overall, resistance proportions were higher in C. coli than in C. jejuni resistance in Campylobacter isolates from human patients is still high (with an increase in 2017), which is a concern for public health.

10 Resistance to erythromycin, first choice antibiotic in human medicine for campylobacteriosis, remained low. For C. jejuni and C. coli from human patients, resistance proportions were higher for all three antimicrobials tested in travel related infections compared to domestically acquired of resistance to ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in human STEC O157 isolates were somewhat higher in 2017, compared to 2016 ( to for ampicilline, from to for sulfamethoxazole, and from to for trimethoprim). There is an increasing tendency for resistance against these antimicrobials since 2009. Resistance to the quinolones (ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid) was detected in of human STEC O157 isolates. For the first time since seven years one cefotaxime resistant, ESBL-producing isolate was 2017, resistance proportions of indicator E.