Marine Engines Application and Installation Guide

1 Marine Engines Applicationand Installation GuideLEKM7142 engine Performance & Boat PerformanceLEKM7143 Driveline/Mounting/Alignment/Auxiliary LEKM7144 Control Systems/Instrumentation andMonitoring Systems/Starting Systems/Start-up Systems/ServiceabilityLEKM7145 Cooling SystemsLEKM7146 Ventilation & Exhaust SystemLEKM7147 Lubrication Systems & Fuel SystemsLEKM7148 Dredge EnginesMaterials and specifications are subject to change without notice. 2000 Caterpillar Inc. Printed in EnginesApplication andInstallationGuidelEngine PerformancelBoat PerformanceLEKM7142-01 (Supersedes LEKM7142) (05-00) engine PerformanceApplication GuidelinesRatesPerformance Curve FormatEngine Configuration Effects on RatingsAuxiliary engine RatingsApplication GuidelinesKnowledge of the engine s operatingrequirements is essential to establish a propermatch of engine rating to boat operatingrequirements. To help determine theacceptability of a rating for a particular boat sapplication, the following parameters shouldbe considered: 1.

2 Time at full throttle 2. Annual operating hours 3. Propeller matchTime at Full ThrottleTime at full throttle is the amount of time theengine is operated at rated rpm without loadcycling during a normal duty cycle. This isnormally specified in terms of percent of totalcycle time or in minutes per Operating Hours The annual operation hours are based on theaccumulated service meter units* during a 12-month Match The propeller must be sized to allow theengine to operate slightly above rated rpmunder the boat s most severe load conditions:full fuel and water tanks, stores aboard forextended voyaging, and adverse are statements of the Engines powerand speed capability under specified loadconditions. The Caterpillar rating systemsimply matches Engines to particularapplications. It consists of the followingstandard A RatingFor heavy-duty service in ocean-goingdisplacement hulls such as freighters,tugboats, bottom-drag trawlers, and deep rivertowboats when the engine is operated at ratedload and speed up to 100% of the time withoutinterruption or load cycling.

3 Expected usageshould be from 5000 to 8000 hours per year. Medium Duty B RatingFor use in midwater and shrimp trawlers,purse seiners, crew and supply boats, ferryboats with trips longer than one hour, andtowboats in rivers where locks, sandbars,curves, or traffic dictate frequent slowing andengine load is constant with some power operation to be limited to 80% ofoperation time. Expected usage should befrom 3000 to 5000 hours per year. Intermittent C RatingFor use in yachts with displacement hulls aswell as ferries with trips of less than one hour,fishing boats moving at higher speed out andback ( lobster, crayfish, and tuna), andshort trip coastal freighters where engineload and speed are cyclical. Full poweroperation to be limited to 50% of operationtime. Expected usage should be from 2000 to4000 hours per year. Patrol Craft D RatingContinuous power for use in patrol, customs,police, and some fire boats. Full power limitedto 16% of operation.

4 Expected usage shouldbe from 1000 to 3000 hours per Performance E RatingFor use in pleasure craft with planing hulls aswell as for pilot, harbor patrol, andharbormaster boats. Full power operation to belimited to 8% of operation time. Expected usageshould be from 200 to 1000 hours per year. Rating Conditions Ratings are based on SAE J1128/ISO 8665standard ambient conditions of 100 kPa ( in. of Hg) and 25 C (77 F). Ratingsalso apply at AS1501, BS5514, DIN6271 andISO 3046/1 standard conditions of 100 kPa( in. of Hg), 27 C (81 F) and 60%relative humidity.*Clock hours are the same as Service Meter Units on allCaterpillar Engines using electric service Caterpillar Engines (D399, D398, D379 andearlier Engines ) used service meters which counted engine revolutions. One service meter unit on thoseengines, corresponds to a clock hour only when theengine is operating at rated speed (rpm). The ratiobetween clock hours and service meter units isproportional to engine is based on a 35 API [16 C (60 F)]fuel having a LHV of 42,780 kJ/kg (18,390 B/lb) used at 29 C (85 F) with adensity of g/L ( gal).

5 Ratings are gross output ratings: , totaloutput capability of the engine equipped withstandard accessories: lube oil, fuel oil andjacket water pumps. Power to drive auxiliariesmust be deducted from the gross output toarrive at the net power available for theexternal (flywheel) load. Typical auxiliariesinclude cooling fans, air compressors,charging alternators, Marine gears, and seawater engine Ratings to DIN Standards The DIN (Deutsche Industrie Norme) 6270 Standard covers rated output data for internalcombustion Engines in general required, DIN 6270 main propulsionratings can be quoted according to thefollowing Output A This is the published Caterpillar Continuous A Rating rating in kW units. No additionalreference is necessary*.Output B Output B is defined as the maximum usefuloutput that the engine can deliver for adefinite time limit corresponding to theengine Application . The fuel setting is pre-setsuch that output B cannot be exceeded, so nooverload capability need be the basis of this definition, we can offertwo output B ratings with kW valuescorresponding to Caterpillar s Medium Duty BRating or Caterpillar s Intermittent C each case, it is mandatory that reference bemade to the applicable rating Comments DIN 6270 conditions are slightly differentfrom the SAE conditions used in the Webelieve that they are virtually equivalent for allpractical purposes.

6 No correction to ratingsshould be made to account for the slightlydifferent reference output as described under DIN 6270 isdefined as the output available to drive theload after suitable deductions are made forengine driven accessories. This is equivalentto the net rating. Caterpillar ratings indicategross output. At the kW requirement to drivesuch accessories as charging alternator andsea water pump are low and well within ourrating tolerance, no deductions for mainpropulsion engine driven accessory loadsneed to be made.* A condition in the Continuous Output A definition isthat the output limiting device must be set to provide amargin of extra capacity. This overload capability canbe demonstrated, if required, by increasing the fuelsetting from the factory-set continuous output value tothe value corresponding to our B rating level. With afew exceptions, this increased fuel setting willcorrespond to an overload capability of approximately10%.

7 The propeller should be sized for the continuousrating with the appropriate safety margins theTechnical Marketing Information File (TMI). The fuelsetting must be readjusted to the name-plate valueupon completion of the demonstration Performance - MAR - C Rating3406 DITADM6120-00 engine Power - bkWFuel Rate - L/hrEngine Speed - rpmEngine Power - bhpFuel Rate - gal/hrEngine Speed - rpmZONE LIMIT DATAZONE LIMIT DATAE ngineSpeedrpmPow erbkWFuelConsg /kW-hrFuelRateL/hrBoostPresskPaGaugeAirF lowcu m/minExhTe m pCExhFlowcu m/minEngineSpeedrpmPow erbhpFuelConslb/hp-hrFuelRategal/hrBoost Pressin. Hg-GaugeAirFlowcfmExhTe m pFExhFlowcfmCurve 1 Curve 1 1800 1800 298 398 1600 1600 200 267 1400 1400 158 211 1200 1200 132 177 1000 1000 110 147 2 Curve 2 1800 1800 354 473 1600 1600 224 300 1400 1400 171 229 1200 1200 141 189 1000 1000 116 155 3 Curve 3 2100 2100 448 599 1900 1900 447 598 1700 1700 341 456 1500 1500 215 287 1300 1300 169 226 1100 1100 137 183 4 Curve 4 2100 2100 448 599 1900 1900 447 598 1700 1700 341 456 1500 1500 215 287 1300 1300 169 226 1100 1100 137 183 POWER DATAMAXIMUM POWER DATAE ngineSpeedrpmPow erbkWFuelConsg /kW-hrFuelRateL/hrBoostPresskPaGaugeAirF lowcu m/minExhTe m pCExhFlowcu m/minEngineSpeedrpmPow erbhpFuelConslb/hp-hrFuelRategal/hrBoost Pressin.

8 Hg-GaugeAirFlowcfmExhTe m pFExhFlowcfm 2100 2100 448 599 1900 1900 448 599 1700 1700 448 599 1500 1500 447 598 1300 1300 330 441 1100 1100 218 292 DEMAND DATAPROPELLER DEMAND DATAE ngineSpeedrpmPow erbkWFuelConsg /kW-hrFuelRateL/hrBoostPresskPaGaugeAirF lowcu m/minExhTe m pCExhFlowcu m/minEngineSpeedrpmPow erbhpFuelConslb/hp-hrFuelRategal/hrBoost Pressin. Hg-GaugeAirFlowcfmExhTe m pFExhFlowcfm 2100 2100 448 599 1900 1900 331 443 1700 1700 237 317 1500 1500 163 218 1300 1300 106 142 1100 1100 64 86 Mean Effective Pressure 239 Mean Effective Pressure 35 Rejection to Coolant (total) 1746 Rejection to Coolant (total) 99293 ,4123,4 PPMM 20 40 80 90 100 5 8 11 18 21 26 2990011001300150017001900210023002500500 4504003503002502001501005090011001300150 0170019002100230025006005004003002001006 0507030110131624 Performance Curve FormatCaterpillar Performance Curves follow the following format:Features of the Performance Curve:Vertical Axis [left side].

9 Graduated inunits of Power [Brake kW or BrakeHorsepower]Horizontal Axis.. Graduated in units ofEngine Speed [Revolutions per Minute]Curve P.. Propeller Demand Curve,describes the power demanded by a fixedpitch propeller used in a displacement and planing hulls will havehigher load demand than shown in the "P"curve. Each semi-displacement and planinghull has different demand, which makes itimpossible to show the load demand for eachhull. Semi-displacement and planing hulls willneed to be sea trialed with fuel measurementstaken at different engine speeds to determineactual fuel and load 1.. Continuous Limit Line, describesthe upper limit of continuous operation,without interruption or load 1-2.. Zone 1-2 is located between Curve1 and Curve 2. It is the zone within whichoperation is permitted for periods up to 4 hours,followed by a one hour period at combination ofpower and speed on or under Line 2-3.

10 Zone 2-3 is located betweenCurve 2 and Curve 3. It is the zone withinwhich operation is permitted for periods up to1 hour, followed by a one hour period atcombinations of power and speed on or underLine 3-4.. Zone 3-4 is located betweenCurve 3 and Curve 4. It is the zone withinwhich operation is permitted for periods up tofive (5) minutes, followed by a one hourperiod at combinations of power and speed onor under Line Limit Curve, themaximum power available within the ratingdevelopment limits (cylinder pressure, turbospeed, exhaust temperature).Curve Power Data, themaximum power capability of the enginewithout regard to the rating development Rate Lines .. Parallel, slightlycurving, dotted lines, with graduations ontheir right ends, are lines of constant fuel rate.[L/hr or gal/hr]The most efficient engine rpm to generate anygiven amount of power will be found directlyunder the high point of the fuel rate linenearest the required power.