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Marketing of indigenous medicinal plants in South …

Marketing OF indigenous . medicinal plants IN South AFRICA. A case study in Kwazulu-Natal Marketing OF indigenous . medicinal plants IN South AFRICA. A case study in Kwazulu-Natal by Myles Mander FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS. Rome, 1998. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

MARKETING OF INDIGENOUS MEDICINAL PLANTS IN SOUTH AFRICA A case study in Kwazulu-Natal by Myles Mander FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

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1 Marketing OF indigenous . medicinal plants IN South AFRICA. A case study in Kwazulu-Natal Marketing OF indigenous . medicinal plants IN South AFRICA. A case study in Kwazulu-Natal by Myles Mander FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS. Rome, 1998. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

2 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy.

3 FAO 1998. FOREWORD. The emphasis on sustainable forestry as a means of making forestry contribute efficiently to sustainable development has drawn increasing attention to the ecological aspects, active involvement of people and utilization of forest resources in a comprehensive manner. Sustainable and comprehensive utilization of forest resources is achieved through appropriate harvesting, processing and Marketing of both wood and non-wood forest products. Although non- wood forest products have been utilized extensively by local populations, relatively little systematically documented information exists.

4 With the rapid urbanization in developing regions, the importance of understanding thoroughly the commercial aspects of many of these products is becoming vital. medicinal plants comprise one of the major non-wood forest product categories on the Marketing of which information is scarce, although the use of traditional medicines is a common practice in many parts of the world. FAO, through its Forest Products Marketing Programme, aims, inter alia, at increasing and documenting the lmowledge of current Marketing practices in order to provide a solid basis for further development.

5 The Programme, being part of the normative activities of FAO, also makes every effort to contribute to the development of approaches and methodologies for the preparation of case studies on Marketing practices. In South Africa there are long-standing traditions for the gathering and processing of medicinal plants for the markets. The increasing interest in traditional medicines has, however, boosted the gathering activities from natural sources to an alarming level. In order to increase the knowledge of the traditional medicine sector, the Institute of Natural Resources of the University of Natal has initiated a project to promote the cultivation of indigenous plants for markets that include selected medicinal plants .

6 This case study by FAO, therefore, also provides an input to the sector study by the Institute of Natural Resources. F AO would like to record its appreciation to the Institute of Natural Resources and, through it, to the numerous people and organizations for their contributions to the study. Specific thanks are recorded to Mr Myles Mander as an FAO consultant for his work in the actual collection of infOlmation, analysis and writing up of the case study report. Appreciation is also recorded for the editing of the report for printing by Ms Elisa Rubini, Secretary, and the supervision of the work by Mr L.

7 Lintu, Senior Forestry Officer, Forest Products Division of FAO. It is hoped that this case study will provide a valid model of an approach and method to assess the Marketing practices of non-wood forest products and those ofmed' 'nal plants in par1;icular. Karl-Hermann Schmincke Director Forest Products Division 111. TABLE OF CONTENTS. FOREWORD iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 11. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS BY THE AUTHOR 13. 3 METHODOLOGY 14. 4 DEMAND FOR medicinal plants IN KWAZULU-NATAL 17. Quantity and trends in consumer demand 18.

8 The quantity of plant material reported to be consumed 19. The quantity of plant material reported to be traded 19. Potential provincial and national consumption levels 22. Trends in the use of indigenous medicine 22. Market segments 26. Direct consumers and the indigenous healers' patients 26. The buyers - who are they 26. The products purchased 31. The quantities demanded 31. The timing of purchases 33. The reasons for purchasing indigenous medicine 34. The purchasing power of consumers 35. Pharmaceutical companies 36.

9 Who are the buyers 36. Quantities demanded 36. The products purchased 36. The timing of purchases 37. The reasons for purchases 37. The purchasing power 37. 5 THE SUPPLY OF medicinal plants IN KWAZULU-NATAL 37. Sources of supply 37. Domestic sources 37. Supply from wild populations in communal areas 37. Supply from commercial farms 41. v Imports 42. Current and potential production 43. Quantities by products 47. Description of producers 48. Competition between the suppliers 50. 6 DEMAND AND SUPPLY POTENTIAL 50.

10 Opportunities 51. Demand opportunities 51. Supply opportunities 53. Constraints 55. Potential 59. The scenarios 60. Scenario 1 - No intervention - a continuation ofthe current trends 60. Scenario 2 - Industry driven intervention - where big business takes the initiative 61. Scenario 3 - Collaborative intervention - where current market players, business and government collaborate 63. Summary of potential opportunities 64. 7 ANALYSIS OF MAIN Marketing FACTORS 64. Product description 64. Types of products 64.


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