Material Properties and Characterization Optical Processes ...

1 Master of Science in Micro and Nanosystems Material Properties and CharacterizationOptical Processes in semiconductors I - IIIT utor:Prof. Dr. Heinz J ckel, Electronics Laboratory, High Speed Electronics and Photonics Group,Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, , Tel.: +41 44 632 27 57course dates: , , CAB H5718/11/2007 Material Properties and Characterization : Optical Processes in SemiconductorsElectronics Laboratory, ETH-Z Properties and Characterization : Optical Processes in SemiconductorsElectronics Laboratory, ETH-Z :Photonics represents the synergy between optics and electronics and forms the base of well established, but still rapidly expanding fields such as Optical communication, micro-optics, Optical storage, display and image technology, Optical sensors and actuators etc.

2 Essential for the fast advancement of the field is the tight interplay between Optical materials, devices and systems. Optical materials and Optical Processes in these materials have been enabling for the revolutionary developments and will continue to do so in the current progress of the field toward Photonics covers many fields from basic physics, quantum mechanics, classical optics, electronics, device concepts and realizations, materials science, fabrication technologies etc., advancements of very different Optical materials systems have been key issues for success and commercial implementations.

3 Due to their outstanding role in combining electronics and photonics and miniaturizing photonics down to the limits of the Optical wavelength or the DeBroglie-wavelength, semiconductors have been highly successful as Optical materials and also paved the way towards the emerging Nano-Photonics. In view of these developments and the limited available space, this course on Optical Processes in semiconductors focuses on the description of Optical Processes in semiconductors . Never the less, many of the presented concepts are also directly applicable to other important materials systems such as insulators, metals, organics etc.

4 Due to their importance we will also cover, but with less emphasis, metals and insulators. The selection of the course topics is driven pragmatically by the practical device realizations (to be presented in the MNS-Master course on Devices and Systems in the 8thsemester) for photonic applications and systems. The course is based to a large extent on the excellent textbook by M. Fox, Optical Processes of Solids (see literature reference). The broad scope of photonics from Quantum Mechanics, Solid State Physics, Classical Optics and Mechanics makes strong demands on the required working knowledge of the students.

5 Quantum Mechanics will only be used where classical concepts simply fail, but otherwise the course will follow a quasi-classical approach. Forced by the limited amount of lecture hours extended, proofs are deferred to appendices or to the many excellent and more detailed textbooks. Working knowledge is expected (or should be refreshed from previous undergrad-courses) in: Electro-Magnetic Field Theory, Classical Optics, basic Semiconductor Theory. Summer 2006 H. J ckel0-2 Material Properties and Characterization : Optical Processes in SemiconductorsElectronics Laboratory, ETH-Z :Primary Literature:M.

6 Fox, Optical Properties of Solids, Oxford University Press, 2001 The course is based on this book, which is the main source of reference. The topics are well developed for their concepts, without too much mathematical H. Simmons, Potter, Optical Materials, Academic Press, 2000 Well written textbook, which goes more into the formal Literature:B. E. A. Saleh, M. , Fundamentals of Photonics, John Wiley, 1991 Excellent, easy to read introduction, which covers a much broader range of topics in photonics beyond semiconductor materials, with a strong focus also on Coldren, S. Corzine, Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits, John Wiley, 1995As the title indicates this is a solid and detailed introduction semiconductor Yariv: Quantum Electronics, Wiley, 1967R.

7 Loudon: The Quantum Theory of Light, Oxford Science Publications, 2000J. I. Pankove, Optical Processes in semiconductors , Prentice Hall, 1971 Easy to read introduction covering in a more descriptive way the Material of the course. Despite its age most relevant concepts are covered with the exception of quantum-confinement in Marcuse, Principles of Quantum Electronics, Academic Press, 1980 Material and derivations on Optical transitions in ,5 are treated in more detail in the course:Prof. H. J ckel Optoelectronics and Optical Communication ( ) at D-ITETS cript-download on: Material Properties and Characterization : Optical Processes in SemiconductorsElectronics Laboratory, ETH-Z of the Course Optical Processes in semiconductors :How does light interact with solids, in particular semiconductors ?

8 Electro-magnetic (EM-) wavesinteract by their electrical vector field E(r,t) and magnetic vector field H(r,t) with the electrical charges, electrons (holes) or the charged crystal lattice of the solid (phonons).The interaction with matter modifies the Properties (amplitude, frequency, wavelength, propagation velocity, propagation direction, polarization, etc.) of the lightwave. Photonic devices control this interaction for a functional Plan: IntroductionApplicationsState-of-the-Art Classical Light WavesPropagation of classical EM-wavesDipole interactionElectronic Physics of MetalsCharge motion in quasi-free stateNonlinear OpticsCharge motion in nonlinear potentialsNonlinear bound dipolesNonlinearities in quantized systemsQuantum Size Effects Charge motion in the periodic potential of semiconductors with linited degrees of freedomLinear OpticsElectronic Physics of SemiconductorsCharge motion in the periodic potential of semiconductors ,quantized systems and bound states self-studyMaxwell, EM-waves repeat yourselfoptional.

9 Self-studyMaterial Properties and Characterization : Optical Processes in SemiconductorsElectronics Laboratory, ETH-Z :1. Advantage of Driving forces present / Why semiconductors as Materials for Photonics / Photonics Optical Effects and Photonic Devices / State-of-the-Art of Photonic Devices / Fiberoptic Tb/s Display and Illumination Image Optical Optical Pump and Power Optical Optical Optical Medical Applications1-122. Classical Propagation of Basic Optical Wave propagation and basic Optical Basic Relations between Optical propagation Basic Optical Crystalline insulators and (Molecular Materials) (Doped Glasses and Insulators)2-13 Material Properties and Characterization : Optical Processes in SemiconductorsElectronics Laboratory, ETH-Z Microscopic Polarization Dipole Oscillators of bound Kramers-Kronig Dispersion: phase and group Optical Propagation in anisotropic media.

10 The technique of the refractive Lattice Free electron Oscillations2-24 Appendix EM-field as quantized harmonic oscillator: Photons (optional)2-263. Optical Properties of metals: free electrons3-1 Drude-Lorentz-model of reflectivity of Interband absorption effects in metals (opt) Free carrier effects in doped semiconductors3-54. Optical Properties of semiconductors : Interband absorption (3) Basic Interband Transitions in semiconductors : an The Einstein Model of Optical Transitions in a discrete 2-Level Quantum mechanical Optical transition in a 2-level Generalization to Optical transitions in energy-band Interband Absorption in Band edge absorption and direct band structure for III-V Joint-density of states in SC with parabolic Absorption spectra of direct Frank-Keldysh Effect (optional) Absorption spectra in indirect Static and dynamic absorption Free exciton Free excitions in a high electrical field4- 27 Material Properties and Characterization .