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Mathematical and Drug Calculation Skills of Nursing ...

International Journal of Caring Sciences January April 2016 Volume 9 | Issue 1| Page 220. Original Article Mathematical and drug Calculation Skills of Nursing Students in Turkey Ulku Yapucu Gune , PhD. Associate Professor, Department of Basic Nursing , Faculty of Nursing Ege University, 35100. Bornova/ zmir, Turkey. Leyla Baran, MSc Research Assistant, Department of Basic Nursing , Faculty of Nursing Ege University, 35100 Bornova/. zmir, Turkey. Dilek (Kara) Yilmaz, MSc Instructor, Department of Nursing , School of Health, Uludag University, 16059 Nil fer/ Bursa, Turkey. Correspondence: Dilek (Kara) Yilmaz, Department of Nursing , School of Health, Uludag University, 16059 Nil fer/ Bursa, Turkey. E-mail: Abstract Background: Numerical and drug Calculation Skills are reported to be important for patient safety. Aims: The aim of this study, which employed a descriptive and cross-sectional design, was to investigate the Mathematical and drug dose Calculation Skills of Nursing students.

drug dose calculations difficult, and many studies indicate that nursing students have poor medication dose calculation and arithmetic skills. ... learning mathematical and drug calculation skills. In this study, the students were found to have insufficient mathematical skills, and

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Transcription of Mathematical and Drug Calculation Skills of Nursing ...

1 International Journal of Caring Sciences January April 2016 Volume 9 | Issue 1| Page 220. Original Article Mathematical and drug Calculation Skills of Nursing Students in Turkey Ulku Yapucu Gune , PhD. Associate Professor, Department of Basic Nursing , Faculty of Nursing Ege University, 35100. Bornova/ zmir, Turkey. Leyla Baran, MSc Research Assistant, Department of Basic Nursing , Faculty of Nursing Ege University, 35100 Bornova/. zmir, Turkey. Dilek (Kara) Yilmaz, MSc Instructor, Department of Nursing , School of Health, Uludag University, 16059 Nil fer/ Bursa, Turkey. Correspondence: Dilek (Kara) Yilmaz, Department of Nursing , School of Health, Uludag University, 16059 Nil fer/ Bursa, Turkey. E-mail: Abstract Background: Numerical and drug Calculation Skills are reported to be important for patient safety. Aims: The aim of this study, which employed a descriptive and cross-sectional design, was to investigate the Mathematical and drug dose Calculation Skills of Nursing students.

2 Methodology: This research was conducted in 2014 at two Nursing schools in two different Turkish cities. A total of 128 Nursing students participated in the study. Validated numerical and drug Calculation tests were given to senior-year Nursing students. Mathematical and dose Calculation Skills did not differ between genders or between the students' schools. Nursing students were significantly more capable of performing calculations for solids, liquids and injections than for intravenous fluid and infusion rates. Results: The median of the Mathematical skill scores was 50%, and the range was between 0% and 100%. The drug dose Calculation score varied between 10% and 100%, and the median was 60%. Of the 128 students, scored below 60%, and scored below 80%. Conclusions: This study indicates that Nursing students have poor Mathematical and drug dose Calculation Skills .

3 Key Words: drug dose Calculation skill, Mathematical skill, Nursing student Introduction to national and international studies in the literature, it has been determined that the rate drug administration is one of the most of drug administration and dose Calculation essential and common tasks performed by errors is high (C nar et al., 2006; Fahimi et nurses (O'Shea, 1999). Errors in medication al., 2008; Sheu et al., 2008; Tang et al., administration are a severe problem, despite 2007). the increased use of various technical tools and systems for safe administration of drugs According to data from the National Patient (Huse, 2010). Effective and safe Safety Agency (NPSA), of drug administration of drugs requires accurately administration errors occur over the course calculating doses in addition to following of drug preparation. Dose Calculation errors eight rules. drug Calculation is a core Nursing comprise of all reported drug errors skill and is vital for patient safety.

4 According (NPSA, 2007). Nurses' numerical Skills and International Journal of Caring Sciences January April 2016 Volume 9 | Issue 1| Page 221. their development of knowledge about and particularly in division, formula use and attitudes towards dose Calculation are of multiplication of fractional numbers. In the great importance, as many drug same study, the students were given a test administration errors arise from dose composed of 10 items related to widely used Calculation errors (Greenfield et al., 2006; clinical calculations, and only 55% of the Wright, 2006). Dose Calculation errors arise students were able to answer all of the either from an inability to perform simple questions correctly. Brown (2002) found arithmetic operations, such as the four similar results when a basic Mathematical arithmetic operations and mathematics with test was administered to 868 Nursing students fractional numbers and decimal numbers, or in the USA.

5 From neglect of the required data needed for Numerical and drug Calculation Skills are generating correct equations (Wright, 2007). reported to be important for patient safety Background (Department of Health, 2000). Furthermore, Wright (2010) and Sheriff et al. (2011) have Based on international reviews and reports of concluded that more research should be adverse drug events, incorrect doses account performed on drug dose Calculation errors in for up to one-third of these events (Alsulami clinical practice. Therefore, we sought to et al., 2013). Many health professionals find determine the drug dose Calculation and drug dose calculations difficult, and many Mathematical Skills of Nursing students to studies indicate that Nursing students have contribute to the literature. poor medication dose Calculation and arithmetic Skills . For example, in their study Methodology of 66 Nursing students in the USA, Blais and Design Bath (1992) determined that 89% of Nursing students failed drug Calculation tests and had A descriptive and cross-sectional study.

6 Difficulties in calculating the correct dose. In Setting and sample another study, Jukes and Gilchrist (2006). assessed sophomore Nursing students and The study used a convenience sample of 128. showed similar results. senior-class students from two Nursing schools in two different cities in Turkey. The Dilles et al. (2011) reported that the total number of senior-class students in the pharmacological knowledge and Calculation two schools was 329. Skills of Nursing students were limited. McMullan et al. (2010) emphasized that 92% In Turkey, university Nursing programmes of 229 Nursing students in England failed a are 4 years in duration, and the graduates of drug Calculation test and stated that efforts to these schools have a licence to practise improve essential numerical and drug Nursing . Calculation Skills should be integrated into Ethics the university curriculum.

7 Ethics committee approval was obtained In a study conducted with the aim of from the X Nursing Faculty. Verbal determining the basic Mathematical informed consent was obtained from the sufficiency and drug dose Calculation Skills students. of 204 Nursing students who had graduated in Finland, Grandell-Niemi et al. (2001) Data Collection stated that the students had difficulties A questionnaire form developed by the learning Mathematical and drug Calculation researchers based on the literature, which Skills . In this study, the students were found was composed of drug dose calculations and to have insufficient Mathematical Skills , and Mathematical unit conversions, and a one-fifth of them failed a drug Calculation demographic data form were used for data test. collection. Gillham and Chu (1995) performed a study The data were collected from the senior evaluating the students' basic Mathematical students at the end of the second term.

8 For Skills and determined that 158 second-year study purposes, at both schools, the Nursing students had insufficient Skills , participants were gathered in a classroom International Journal of Caring Sciences January April 2016 Volume 9 | Issue 1| Page 222. and asked to complete the tests under the The chi-square test and Pearson's correlation supervision of a researcher. The participants analysis were used for analysis of the data were not allowed to use a calculator, which and the number and percentage distributions. could act as a substitute for Mathematical As a passing grade of 60% is required at knowledge and Skills , or to talk to one most universities in Turkey, the students another when completing the test, and they with a total score of 60 points were were allowed to use pencil and paper only. considered as successful. The students were asked to complete the test Results within one hour.

9 Demographic Characteristics Instruments The response rate of the study was Of Socio-demographic Descriptive Form the total sample of students, were The demographic data form consisted of from Ege University Nursing School, and questions regarding age, gender, the high were from Uluda University Nursing school from which the nurse had graduated, School. whether the education on drug dose In total, were female, and the mean Calculation in the Nursing curriculum was age was Approximately sufficient and clear, and whether the student of the students reported that their dose thought that he or she had sufficient drug Calculation Skills were sufficient, dose Calculation and Mathematical Skills . stated that they found their dose Calculation Mathematical Skill Test education to be sufficient and clear, stated that they trusted their Mathematical The Mathematical skill test comprised 10.

10 Calculations, and stated that they open-ended questions about addition, found their Mathematical Skills to be subtraction, division, metric-system sufficient. conversions, fractional numbers and decimal numbers. Each correct answer was awarded Mathematical Skill Test one point, so the total score varied between 0. The median of the Mathematical skill scores and 10. The scores were converted to was 50%, and the range was between 0% and percentages between 0% and 100% for 100% (Table 1). Based on a passing grade of analysis. 60%, 52% of the students had grades below Dose Calculation Skill Test 60, and based on a passing grade of 80%, of the students were determined to This test consisted of 10 questions about have failed (Table 2). solid-liquid pharmaceutical dose calculations, dose calculations for injections, A statistically significant difference was not and intravenous liquid and infusion rate detected between the Mathematical skill calculations.


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