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MECHANICALPROPERTIES - 神戸製鋼所

Frequency [-] (Ann)Ti-9 (Ann)Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al(STA)Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn- 3Al(STA)Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo(STA)Ti-10V-2F e-3Al(STA) (ST)Commercially pure titanium (KS50)Commercially pure titanium (KS50) ELITi-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al (ST)Ti-6Al-4V ELI (ST) ELITi-6Al-4V ELI(ST) + + + + +07Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al (STA)Ti-6Al-4V (Ann) , , ,toTi-15Mo-5Zr-3 AIwithatensilestrengthof1250 MPa.(TensilestrengthslistedaboveareKOBEL CO'sspecifiedminimumvalues.) C.( )High temperature characteristics Commerciallypuretitaniumisstableforusein thetemperaturerangeuptoapproximately300 Cduetoitsspecificstrength,creepresistanc e, ,titaniumalloysexhibithighstrengthinthet emperaturerangeuptoapproximately500 C.( )Low temperature characteristics , (-269 C).( )Fatigue characteristics Thefatiguestrength(107cycles)isroughlyeq uivalentto50%ofthetensilestrength,andwel dingdoesnotcauseasignificantdeclineinfat iguestrength.

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Transcription of MECHANICALPROPERTIES - 神戸製鋼所

1 Frequency [-] (Ann)Ti-9 (Ann)Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al(STA)Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn- 3Al(STA)Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo(STA)Ti-10V-2F e-3Al(STA) (ST)Commercially pure titanium (KS50)Commercially pure titanium (KS50) ELITi-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al (ST)Ti-6Al-4V ELI (ST) ELITi-6Al-4V ELI(ST) + + + + +07Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al (STA)Ti-6Al-4V (Ann) , , ,toTi-15Mo-5Zr-3 AIwithatensilestrengthof1250 MPa.(TensilestrengthslistedaboveareKOBEL CO'sspecifiedminimumvalues.) C.( )High temperature characteristics Commerciallypuretitaniumisstableforusein thetemperaturerangeuptoapproximately300 Cduetoitsspecificstrength,creepresistanc e, ,titaniumalloysexhibithighstrengthinthet emperaturerangeuptoapproximately500 C.( )Low temperature characteristics , (-269 C).( )Fatigue characteristics Thefatiguestrength(107cycles)isroughlyeq uivalentto50%ofthetensilestrength,andwel dingdoesnotcauseasignificantdeclineinfat iguestrength.

2 ( )Inaddition,eveninseawater, Thefracturetoughnessoftitaniumalloysrang efrom28to108 , strength, strength (MPa)Tensile strength(MPa)Tensile strength(MPa) strength(MPa)Commercially pure titaniumCommercially pure titaniumTitanium alloyCommercially pure titaniumTitanium alloyTitanium :Tensile strength of commercially pure titaniums and various titaniumalloys, and yield strength(Specified minimum values) Tensile strengthSpecific strength [ yield strength/density] (kgf/mm2 /g/cm3)Aluminum alloyMagnesium alloySteel-nickel alloyTemperature ( C)Temperature ( C)Temperature ( C)Temperature ( C)Temperature ( C)Temperature ( C) :Specific strength of various materialsTable 1:Representative characteristics of commercially pure titanium, titaniumalloys, and steel base materials (Plate materials) Mild steelStainless steel(SUS 304)MaterialTensiledirectionRepresentati ve (MPa)Tensilestrength(MPa)Elongation(%)El ongation(%)Elongation(%)Vickershardness( Hv)Erichsenvalue(mm) :Tensile characteristics of various commercially pure titaniums, various titaniumalloys and SUS304 under room temperature and high :Low temperature tensile properties of commercially pure titanium andvarious titanium alloysStress (MPa)Stress (MPa)Base materialWelded portion(400 C x 300min annealing)Heat-affected zone(400 C x 300min annealing)Repetition.

3 Fatigue characteristics of commercially pure titanium (KS50) basematerial and welded portionPortionsBase materialBase materialWelded portionWelded portionBase materialBase materialStress ratio Notch :Fatigue characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V base material and welded portion General corrosion11221211 Pittingcorrosion11242412 Crevicecorrosion11242423 Stress C82 C54 C32 + concentrationTantalumZirconiumHastelloy BTi-015Pd alloyTi-015Pd alloyT-15Mo-5Zr-3Al alloyTi-5Ta alloyAKOTC ommercially pure titaniumCommercially pure titaniumCommercially pure titaniumHastelloy CMonelMonelZirconiumHastelloy CInconel316 Stainless steel304 Stainless steel316 Stainless steel304 Stainless :Corrosion resistance range of various metals(Each metal shows excellent corrosion resistance in the arrow-marked range) (1) General properties Titaniumisnormallyanactivemetal, ( )Thepassivefilmoftitaniumprovidesextreme lyhighresistancetoseawaterbecause,unlike stainlesssteel,itisnoteasilybrokendownev enbychlorineions.

4 (2) Corrosion resistance against acid and alkaliPleasenotethathigh-concentrationno n-oxidizingacidssuchashydro , ,Ti-Ni-Pd-Ru-Cralloy (AKOT),etc. (Fig. 8)Titaniumexhibitexcellentcorrosionresis tanceagainstoxidizingacidssuchasnitricac id,chromicacid, ( )(3) Corrosion resistance against chloride solutionsUnlikestainlesssteelandcopperal loys,titaniumisnotsubjecttopittingcorros ionorstresscorrosioncracking,nortogenera lcorrosion.(Table2)However, , , AKOT,etc.( )(4) Stress corrosion crackingTitaniumissubjecttostresscorrosi oncrackingonlyincertainspecialenvironmen ts.(Table3)Corrosion rate (mm/year)Corrosion rate (mm/year)Corrosion rate (mm/year)HCl (mass %)Boiling :Corrosion resistance of commercially pure titanium and corrosion resistanttitanium alloys in hydrochloric acid solutionNaOH (mass %) :Corrosion rate of commercially pure titanium deaerated NaOH solutionTemperature ( C)CI- concentration (mass %)Immune to crevice corrosionSusceptible to crevice corrosionPdO/TiO2 coated :Boundary of crevice corrosion of various titanium materials and stainless steel in chloride solutionTable 2:Comparison of corrosion resistance of various heat exchanger materialsTitaniumAl brass70/30 Cu-NiStainless steelCleanContaminatedCleanContaminatedC leanContaminatedCleanContaminatedCorrosi onresistancerankMaterialPurity ofsea waterCorrosion resistance rank.

5 1=Excellent 2=Good 3=Ordinary 4 =Inferior(5) Erosion resistanceTheerosionresistanceofcommerci allypuretitaniumisfarsuperiortothatofcop peralloys.( )(6) Galvanic corrosionIncomparisonwithotherpracticalm etals,theelectricpotentialoftitaniumishi gh.( )Therefore,iftitaniumcomesincontactwitho thermetalsoflowerpotentialsuchascopperal loysandaluminuminanelectricallyconductiv esolution,corrosionofsuchothermetalsmayb eaccelerated.(Galvaniccorrosion)Whenaust eniticstainlesssteelssuchasSUS304andSUS3 16comeincontactwithtitaniumunderroomtemp eratures,thereisgenerallynoproblemofgalv aniccorrosionduetothesmallerpotentialdif ferencesbetweenthesestainlesssteelsandti tanium.(7) Reactivity to gasSincetitaniumhasastrongaffinityforoxy gen,hydrogen,andnitrogengases, ,butpleasenotethattitaniumreactssignific antlywithdrychlorinegas.

6 (8) OtherGenerally,thecorrosionresistanceoft itaniumisnotaffectedbymaterialhistoryinc ludingwelding,finishing, :Natural potential of various metals in running seawaterVelocity: ~ : 10 ~ 27 CActivated conditionSource:LaQue, F. L.,"The behavior of nickel-copper alloys in seawater", Journal of the American society of naval engineers, vol. 53, February 1941, #1, , , , P38 Potential (V vs SCE)ZincBerylliumAluminum alloyMagnesiumCadmiumMild steel/Cast ironLow alloy steelAustenitic nickel cast ironAluminum bronzeNaval brass, bronze, red brassTinCopperSolder(50/50)Admiralty brass, aluminum brassManganese bronzeSilicon bronzeStainless steel(410,416)Stainless steel(316,317)Stainless steel(302,304,312,347)Stainless steel(430)German silver90~10 Cupronickel80~20 Cupronickel70~30 CupronickelNickel, aluminum bronzeNickel -chrome alloy 600 (inconel 600)Silver soldersNickel 200 SilverNickel-copper alloy 400,K-50020 alloy (Carpenter 20)Nickel-iron-chrome alloy 825 (Inconel 825)TitaniumNi-Cr-Mo alloy C (Hastelloy C)Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu-Si alloy B (Hastelloy B)PlatinumGraphiteLeadTable 3:Environment causing titanium stress corrosion.

7 Sand erosion resistance of commercially pure titanium and copperalloys in running sea waterLiquid metalEnvironmentNon-aqueous solutionAqueous solutionHigh temperature chlorideMethanol containing halogen or acidFuming red nitric asidBrineHigh temperature and high pressurebromide solutionMolten halogen saltHg, CdCommercially pure titaniumTi-6Al-4 VHigh strength titanium alloySusceptible titanium materialsHigh strength titanium alloyHigh strength titanium alloyCommercially pure titaniumErosionNaval brassAluminum brass90/10 cupronickelAluminum bronzeCommercially pure titaniumSand content in seawater (g/l) Tin bronze(G&M)Non-oxidizingOxidizing23 C8m/s, sea water150hSand diameter < 50 mTi- 4:Corrosion resistance of titanium and other metals in various corrosive environmentsMACHININGC lassifi-cationConc.

8 (mass%)Temperature( C)Corrosion mediumCorrosion resistanceCommercially puretitaniumUnalloyed zirconium304 stainless steelHastelloy CInorganicacidsHydrochloric acid (HCl)Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)Nitric acid (HNO3)OrganicacidsAcetic acid (CH3 COOH)Formic acid (HCOOH)Oxalic acid ((COOH) 2)Lactic acid (CH3CH (OH) COOH)AlkalisCaustic soda (NaOH)Potassium carbonate (K2CO3)InorganicchloridesSodium chloride (NaCl)Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl)Zinc chloride (ZnCI2)Magnesium chloride (MgCl2)Ferric chloride (FeCl3)InorganicsaltsSodium sulfate (Na2SO4)Sodium sulfide (Na2S)Sodium chlorite (NaOCl)Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)OrganiccompoundsMethyl alcohol (CH3OH)Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)Phenol (C6H5OH)Formaldehyde (HCHO)GasesChlorine (Cl2)Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)Ammonium (NH3)OthersSeawaterNaphthaNo data availableTable 5:Difficulties in cutting and shearing titanium and countermeasuresDifficultiesCausesCounter measuresSeizure occurs, then causing a cutting tool to wear earlier.

9 Heat build-up accumulates easily due to less heat capacity in addition to less thermal conductivity. Titanium itself reacts easily to cutting tools because of it's active material. Slower cutting speed (ex. to 1/3 or less of steel cutting speed ) and re-set the cutting feed to a fairly coarse pitch, for exothermal control. Use a coolant as much as possible for cooling down the titanium and cutting tool (Generally a non-soluble oil coolant is used for low-speed heavy-duty cutting and shearing and a soluble cutting coolant is used for high speed cutting/shearing. Replace a cutting tool earlier than usual. If ceramic-, TiC- and TiN-coated tools are used for cutting/shearing titanium, their lives get shorter. In general, hard steel tools are used (for cutting/shearing large quanties of titanium by machines with sufficient rigidity and high power capacity) and high-speed carbide tool are used (for cutting/shearing small quanties of titanium by machine with low power (Vibration arising from titanium cutting/shearing is about 10 times as much as that from steel cutting/shearing.)))

10 The cutting power fluctuates due to chips of saw-tooth form. (This is caused by cutting heat concentrating to the cutting section and local deformation of titanium.) Fully cool down the tool and titanium, in addition to exothermic control by the above recommended conditions. Use a cutting/shearing machine with enough rigidity, power and an adjustable broad cutting speed range. Chips burningTitanium reacts rapidly to oxygen, because of its active metal. (Formed titanium work never burns, but cutting chips and polishing compound could ignite from welding and grinding sparks or strong impact.)Clean the cutting and shearing machines periodically to prevent chips from being deposited. Use dry sand, common dry salt, graphite powder and metal extinguisher as fire extinguishing agents /extinguishers.


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