Medical-surgical Nursing Demystified

1 Medical-surgical Nursing DemystifiedDemystified SeriesAccounting DemystifiedAdvanced Calculus DemystifiedAdvanced Physics DemystifiedAdvanced Statistics DemystifiedAlgebra DemystifiedAlternative Energy DemystifiedAnatomy DemystifiedAstronomy DemystifiedAudio DemystifiedBiology DemystifiedBiotechnology DemystifiedBusiness Calculus DemystifiedBusiness Math DemystifiedBusiness Statistics DemystifiedC++DemystifiedCalculus DemystifiedChemistry DemystifiedCircuit Analysis DemystifiedCollege Algebra DemystifiedCorporate Finance DemystifiedDatabases DemystifiedData Structures DemystifiedDifferential Equations DemystifiedDigital Electronics DemystifiedEarth Science DemystifiedElectricity DemystifiedElectronics DemystifiedEngineering Statistics DemystifiedEnvironmental Science DemystifiedEveryday Math DemystifiedFertility DemystifiedFinancial Planning DemystifiedForensics DemystifiedFrench DemystifiedGenetics DemystifiedGeometry DemystifiedGerman DemystifiedHome Networking DemystifiedInvesting DemystifiedItalian DemystifiedJava DemystifiedJavaScript DemystifiedLean Six Sigma DemystifiedLinear

2 Algebra DemystifiedMacroeconomics DemystifiedManagement Accounting DemystifiedMath Proofs DemystifiedMath Word Problems DemystifiedMATLAB DemystifiedMedical Billing and Coding DemystifiedMedical Terminology DemystifiedMedical- surgical Nursing DemystifiedMeteorology DemystifiedMicrobiology DemystifiedMicroeconomics DemystifiedNanotechnology DemystifiedNurse Management DemystifiedOOP DemystifiedOptions DemystifiedOrganic Chemistry DemystifiedPersonal Computing DemystifiedPharmacology DemystifiedPhysics DemystifiedPhysiology DemystifiedPre-Algebra DemystifiedPrecalculus DemystifiedProbability DemystifiedProject Management DemystifiedPsychology DemystifiedQuality Management DemystifiedQuantum Mechanics DemystifiedReal Estate Math DemystifiedRelativity DemystifiedRobotics DemystifiedSales Management DemystifiedSignals and Systems DemystifiedSix Sigma DemystifiedSpanish DemystifiedSQL DemystifiedStatics and Dynamics DemystifiedStatistics DemystifiedTechnical Analysis DemystifiedTechnical Math DemystifiedTrigonometry DemystifiedUML DemystifiedVisual Basic 2005 DemystifiedVisual C# 2005

3 DemystifiedVitamins and Minerals DemystifiedXML DemystifiedMedical- surgical NursingDemystifiedMary DiGiulio, RN, MSN, APRND onna Jackson, RN, MSN, APRNJim KeoghNew York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London MadridMexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan SeoulSingapore Sydney TorontoCopyright 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Exceptas permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any formor by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

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8 This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. DOI: hope you enjoy thisMcGraw-Hill eBook! Ifyou d like more information about this book,its author, or related books and websites,please click to learn more?To the memory of Jim, Rose, and Margot who always believed in meTo Dave Who means more than he sometimes knowsTo Kathleen and Jacquelinewho have the world in front of themMary DiGiulio, RN, MSNTo KenThank you for loving me, believing in me, encouraging me, and running the racewith me.

9 I m glad I have , DonnaDonna Jackson, RN, MSNThis book is dedicated to Anne, Sandy, Joanne, Amber-Leigh Christine, and Shawn,without whose help and support this book couldn t have been KeoghThis page intentionally left blank CONTENTSI ntroductionxivCHAPTER 1 Cardiovascular System1 How the Cardiovascular System Works3 Just the Facts4 Aortic Aneurysm4 Angina (Angina Pectoris)7 Myocardial Infarction (MI)11 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)15 Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)18 Cardiac Tamponade21 Cardiogenic Shock23 Cardiomyopathy26 Endocarditis29 Heart Failure [Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)]31 Hypertension (HTN)35 Hypovolemic Shock38 Myocarditis41 Pericarditis42 Pulmonary Edema45 Raynaud s Disease47 Rheumatic Heart Disease49 Thrombophlebitis51 Atrial Fibrillation53 Asystole56 For more information about this title, click hereviiiMedical- surgical Nursing DemystifiedVentricular Fibrillation58 Ventricular Tachycardia59 Aortic Insufficiency (AI)

10 62 Mitral Insufficiency63 Mitral Stenosis65 Mitral Valve Prolapse67 Tricuspid Insufficiency69 Crucial Diagnostic Tests71 Quiz82 CHAPTER 2 Respiratory System85 How the Respiratory System Works86 Just the Facts87 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)87 Asbestosis91 Asthma93 Atelectasis96 Bronchiectasis99 Bronchitis101 Cor Pulmonale104 Emphysema107 Lung Cancer110 Pleural Effusion113 Pneumonia115 Pneumothorax118 Respiratory Acidosis120 Tuberculosis (TB)122 Acute Respiratory Failure124 Pulmonary Embolism127 Influenza130 Crucial Diagnostic Tests132 Quiz140 CHAPTER 3 Immune System143 How the Immune System Works144 Just the Facts145 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)145 Anaphylaxis147 Ankylosing Spondylitis149 Kaposi s Sarcoma(KS)151 Lymphoma153 Rheumatoid Arthritis155 Scleroderma157 Mononucleosis159 Epstein-Barr Virus/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome160 Lyme Disease162 Septic Shock163 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)