MEEHANITE METAL HANDBOOK

1 HANDBOOKGENERAL ENGINEERINGABRASION RESISTINGHEAT RESISTINGCORROSION RESISTINGMARK OF QUALITYMEEHANITE METAL HANDBOOK 9/19/05 12:38 PM Page METAL HANDBOOKR evised 2005 Copyright 2001 by MEEHANITE METAL in the United States of rights in this CD are part of this CD booklet may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written information, write to: MEEHANITE METAL Corporation10936 N. Port Washington Rd. #141 Mequon, WI 53092 Phone 800-423-0992E-mail trade marks MEEHANITEMETALM [DUCTLIRON] [ALMANITE]METALand [ MEEHANITE ] are registered with Patent Office and designate productsmade under the direction and in accordance with the prescribed standards ofMeehanite METAL Corp. gratefully extendssincerest thanks to all MEEHANITE foundriesfor permission to reproduce their photographs in this HANDBOOK ofMeehanite METAL .[ ][ ] MEEHANITE METAL HANDBOOK 9/19/05 12:38 PM Page 2 The MEEHANITE METAL Corporationhas been in business for overseventy years, developing a family of high performance cast ductileand flake irons described in the following sections.

2 This handbookof MEEHANITE Metals has been prepared fordesigners, engineers and purchasing executiveswho strive to improve product performance andreduce manufacturing costs. It presents themechanical & physical properties of each type of MEEHANITE METAL in a clear and concise manner in order to aid in the selection of theparticular type of MEEHANITE which will most completely meet thebuyer s Metals furnish industry with engineering materials ofknown and consistent properties on which casting design can besafely based. They have proved their value the world over from notonly the viewpoint of dependable service, but economy as following pages outline some of the advantages to be gainedby the use of MEEHANITE and explain why this versatile material isso widely recognized and used throughout compliment the development of these materials, Meehanitelicenses only qualified foundries to produce these products.

3 Everylicensee is required to undergo a strict training regimen before theyare permitted to produce any grade of MEEHANITE . Further to this,an ongoing program of auditing is followed, to ensure that the stan-dards required for production are you are interested in obtaining a MEEHANITE license, you canfind out what is involved and the services we provide by going topage 88 - The MEEHANITE METAL HANDBOOK 9/19/05 12:38 PM Page 3 CONTENTS4 The MEEHANITE ProcessGeneral Engineering MEEHANITE Metal14 Nodular GraphiteType SF 60 (SF 400)High ductility, shock resistance15 Type SP 80 (SP 600)High strength and toughness16 Type SH 100 (SH 700)Superior hardenability, high strength17 Type SH 100 (SH 800)Heat treated SH type METAL a good(Heat Treated)combination of hardness, strength andtoughness18 Type AQSHigh endurance strength and air hardening20 Flake GraphiteType GM 60 (GM 400)High compression and tensile strength23 Type GA 50 (GA 350)High strength and density24 Type GC 40 (GC 275)All purpose METAL , good strength and density25 Type GE 30 (GE 200)Good machinability and damping capacity26 Type GF 20 (GF 150)Exceptional machinability27 Type AQMachinable as-cast , air hardens28 Abrasion Resisting MEEHANITE METAL (Almanite)

4 31 Type WExceptional hardness, moderate shockresistance31 Type WSHigh hardness, strength, toughness32 Type WSHHigh impact strength33 Heat Resisting MEEHANITE Metal34 Type HSMaximum resistance to scaling41 Type HSVHigh mechanical heat strength42 Type HRScale and creep resistance43 Type HEThermal shock resistance44 Corrosion Resisting MEEHANITE Metal46 Type CCModerately corrosion resisting48 Type CRResistance to corrosion and erosion49 Type CRSHigh strength and corrosion resistance50 Type CHSR ecommended for use in acidic conditions51 RMEEHANITE METAL HANDBOOK 9/19/05 12:38 PM Page 4R5 Austempered Ductile Iron52K300 High Impact with Good Strength54K40054K500 Exceptional Strength and Hardness54 Engineering Data56 Effect of Section Thickness56 Thermal Conductivity58 Thermal Expansion60 Specific Heat63 Sub-zero Impact Properties65 Damping Capacity68 Dimensional Stability71 Magnetic Properties71 Machinability and Machining74 Machining Practice and Tool Design74 Speed Feed Relationship76 Preparation and Sharpening of Tools76 Machining Allowances77 Rolling Friction Galling and Seizing78 Galling, Seizing and Pickup79 Heat Treatment Data82 Temper Brittleness84 Stress Relieving86 Surface Hardening87 Coatings, Welding87 MEEHANITE METAL HANDBOOK 9/19/05 12:38 PM Page 5 MEEHANITE pump impeller and METAL HANDBOOK 9/19/05 12.

5 38 PM Page 6 INTRODUCTION7 RThe MEEHANITE ProcessMeehanite METAL castings coverany casting within the overall castiron composition range that havebeen produced by the process involves a numberof patented procedures seeking tocontrol and produce the desiredgraphite distribution and thedesired matrix structure in thecasting. It depends primarily onthe establishment of a melt ofdesired degree of undercoolingoften referred to as constitutionand the controlled nucleation ofthis melt, usually by means ofalkaline earth silicide additions. It requires very careful selection ofraw materials, meticulous processcontrols and a very thoroughknowledge of the foundrybehavior of cast MEEHANITE process involvesthe use of standard procedures inall phases of casting manufactureincluding gating and riseringtechniques, sand control testingmethods and many specializedmolding procedures. It seeks toeliminate guesswork, therebyresulting in an engineering prod-uct of high integrity and METAL TypesWhile the MEEHANITE process is aclosely integrated procedure andwill produce a truly qualitycasting, it is necessary for theengineer to have at his disposalexact figures on the physical andmechanical properties ofMeehanite METAL so that he maydesign with this reason, MeehaniteMetal has conveniently beendivided into a number of broadtype classifications each with itstypical properties which enablesthe engineer to select that type ofmetal most suited to his the basis of use, the follow-ing broad categories apply:1.

6 General Engineering Prefix G2. Wear ResistingPrefix W3. Heat ResistingPrefix H4. Corrosion Resisting Prefix CThese categories relate to theend use of the casting and arefurther sub-divided on the basis of metallurgical structure andproperty METAL HANDBOOK 9/19/05 12:38 PM Page 7 INTRODUCTION8 BASE UNITUNITS & SYMBOLSFORMULAQUANTITYSIENGLISHSIENGLISH LENGTH meter, mcentimeter, cmfoot, ftmilimeter, mminch, inMASS kilogram, kgpound, lbgram, gmTIME hour, hrminute, minsame as metricsecond, secTEMPERATUREC entigrade, CFahrenheit, FCONVERSION FACTORS FOR PHYSICAL QUANTITIESQUANTITYENGLISH UNIT TO SI UNITSI UNIT TO ENGLISH UNITLENGTH1 mm1 x 10-3in1 mm1 x 10-3ftMASS1 kg1 lb1 gm1 x 10-3lbTEMPERATURE F5/9 ( F-32) C9/5 C + 32 F5/9 C C9/5 FAREA1 mm21 x 10-3in2 ENERGY1 BTU252 cal1 x 10-3 BTUFORCE1 newton1 newton, lbfMACHININGFeed1 cm/rev1 in/revSpeed1 m/min1 x 10-31 N/mm2145 psiN/mm2 IMPACT STRENGTH1 ft ft lbfWORK1 ft ft lbfSPECIFIC HEAT1 BTU/lb/ cal/gm/ C1 cal/gm/ BTU/lb/ FTHERMAL1 BTU/hr/ft2 x 10-3cal/1 cal/ x 103 BTU/CONDUCTIVITY( F/in)sec/cm2/( C/cm)cm2/( C/cm)hr/ft2/( F/in)

7 MEEHANITE UnitsThis revised issue of the HANDBOOK of MEEHANITE METAL has adopted the metric systemalong with the English adoption of the metric system(International System of Units, orabbreviated as SI in all language)is due to the fact that the metricsystem will sooner or later beuniversal and we already havehad many requests for metric would appear necessary topresent the relations betweenmetric measures of length, area,mass and derived units, andEnglish METAL HANDBOOK 9/19/05 12:38 PM Page 8 INTRODUCTION9 RDERIVED UNITUNITS & SYMBOLSFORMULAQUANTITYSIENGLISHSIENGLISH AREAsq. centimetercm2in2sq. millimetersq. inchmm2 ENDURANCE newton perpound-force perLIMITsq. millimetersq. inch (psi)N/mm2lbf/in2 (psi)ENERGYJ ouleBritish lbfunit, BTUFORCE newton, Npound-force, lbfkg. cm/sec2lb ft/sec2 IMPACT lbfMACHININGF eedcentimeterinch perper revolutionrevolutioncm/revin/revSpeedsur face metersurface footper minuteper minute, minMODULES OF ELASTICITY tensionnewton perpound-force persq.

8 Millimeter, Esq. inch, EN/mm2psitorsionN*N*N/mm2psiPRESSURE newton perpound-force perN/mm2psisq. millimetersq. inch, psiSTRESS newton perpound-force perN/mm2psisq. millimetersq. inch, psiSPECIFIC HEAT calorie per gram BTU per poundcal/gm/ CBTU/lb/ FCelsiusFahrenheitTHERMAL CONDUCTIVITY thermal flux(calorie perthermal fluxsecond) per sq.(BTU per hour)centimeter per sq. foot cal/sec/cm2 BTU/hr/ft2/(Celsius per(Fahrenheit per( C/cm)( F/n)centimeter),inch), K valueK lbf*The possible confusion with this meaning of the symbol N and the newton N if not clear from the context must be avoided by the use of torsion modulus of elasticity instead of METAL HANDBOOK 9/19/05 12:38 PM Page 910 Each type of MEEHANITE METAL is made to a predetermined structure therebyassuring uniform and dependable properties to precise engineering specifications. Four typical examples are shown TYPE GM 60 (GM 400)Tensile Strength60,000 psi(400N/mm2)BHN (normal)230 MEEHANITE TYPE AQTensile StrengthHeat Treated65,000 psi(448N/mm2)BHNUp to 550 MEEHANITE TYPE SH 100 (SH 700)Tensile Strength90/170,000 psi(620/1172N/mm2)BHN263/600 MEEHANITE TYPE WSTensile Strength60/80,000 psi(414/552N/mm2)BHN400/525 MEEHANITE METAL HANDBOOK 9/19/05 12:38 PM Page 10 INTRODUCTION11 RGeneral Engineering TypesThis MEEHANITE METAL series isclassified into flake graphitemetals designated by the prefix Gand nodular graphite metalsdesignated by the prefix G, or flake graphite, metalsare subdivided according to thetensile strength because this is themost convenient method.

9 Thismethod of division is used eventhough the engineer may be moreinterested in specific propertiesother than tensile strength is given inminimum values, but it should berealized that MEEHANITE METAL Gmay be produced to any specificminimum value either exactlycorresponding to any specific typeor to values that may fall exactlyin between designated short, all properties show agradual transition from thehighest tensile value to the lowesttensile value and are separatedinto various types only for thepurpose of we use the metric systemalong with the English system inthis edition of the HANDBOOK , theMeehanite METAL series hasaccordingly adopted numericalsymbols for the metric designa-tion. This designation includesonly the MEEHANITE Flake GraphiteG Types and Nodular Graphite S MEEHANITE Wear ResistingTypes, Heat Resisting Types andCorrosion Resisting Types remainthe same as the previous designa-tions because they do not involvethe numerical are:Flake Graphite G TypesType GM 60 (GM 400) flake graphite, sorbo pearliticmatrix or tempered martensiteif heat GA 50 (GA 350) flake graphite, pearlitic GC 40 (GC 275) flake graphite, pearlitic GE 30 (GE 200) flake graphite, pearlitic GF 20 (GF 150) flake graphite, AQ flake graphite, pearlitic/bainitic relationship betweentensile strength (forming the basisof classification) and otherpertinent properties are given inthe appropriate section of sub-numerals 60, 50, 40,etc.

10 , indicate the PSI units onequivalent standard test bars foreach type and 400, 350, 300, etc.,indicate the minimum tensilestrength in example:GM 60 (GM 400) means typeGM METAL has approximatetensile strength 60,000 psi or400 METAL HANDBOOK 9/19/05 12:38 PM Page 11 INTRODUCTION12 Nodular Graphite S Types(Ductliron ).Sub-division in this series again isfor specification property values of anyvalue within the ranges given mayalso be between tensilestrength and other properties maybe found in the engineering datasection of the SF 60 (SF 400) nodular graphite, SP 80 (SP 600) nodular graphite, pearlitic/ferritic SH 100 (SH 700) nodular graphite, pearliticmatrix, or tempered martensiteif heat AQS nodular graphite, pearlitic/bainitic, martensite Resisting Types(Almanite ).This series produced primarily forwear resistance while havingspecific mechanical properties isbroadly classified according tometallurgical structures which, inturn, determines the metals may contain freecarbon as graphite or as carbidesor both.