MENTAL HEALTH AND PROBLEM GAMBLING

1 IMPACTS OF PROBLEM GAMBLING ON MENTAL HEALTH MENTAL HEALTH AND PROBLEM GAMBLING Compared to the general population, among those in MENTAL HEALTH , drug and alcohol, family violence, and financial counseling services are between two and 21 times more likely to also present with problematic GAMBLING experienced clinical anxiety or depression increases the risk of developing problematic GAMBLING behaviors later on among women. 1 Young adults who are at-risk of and those who are engaging in problematic GAMBLING behaviors are at an increased risk of MENTAL HEALTH disorder adolescents, symptoms of anxiety, depression, aggression, and antisocial behavior have been related to being at risk for developing problematic GAMBLING * 1.

2 Sundqvist, K. & Rosendahl, I. (2019). PROBLEM GAMBLING and psychiatric comorbidity - risk and temporal sequencing among women and men: Results form the Swelogs case-control of GAMBLING Studies, 35, 757-771. 2. Dowling NA, Cowlishaw S, Jackson AC, et al. (2014a) The prevalence of comorbid personality disorders in treatment-seeking PROBLEM gamblers: A systematic review and of Personality Disorders,1 20. 3. Dowling NA, Jackson AC, Suomi A, et al. (2014b) PROBLEM GAMBLING and family violence: Prevalence and patterns in help-seeking populations. Addictive Behaviors 39: 1713 1717. 4. Jackson AC, Wynne H, Dowling N, et al.

3 (2010) Using the CPGI to determine PROBLEM GAMBLING prevalence in Australia: Measurement issues. International Journal of MENTAL HEALTH andAddiction 8: 570 582. 5. Afifi, T. O., Nicholson, R., Martins, S. S., Sareen, J. (2016). A longitudinal study of the temporal relation between PROBLEM GAMBLING and MENTAL and substance use disorders among youngadults. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 61(2), 102-11. 6. Richard, J., & Derevensky, J. (2017). Identifying the relationship between MENTAL HEALTH symptoms, PROBLEM behaviors, and GAMBLING among adolescents. Annals of Behavioural Science,3(2).

4 7. Dowling, N., Cowlishaw, S., Jackson, A., Merkouris, S., Francis, K., & Christensen, D. (2015). Prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity in treatment-seeking PROBLEM gamblers: asystematic review and meta-analysis. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 49(6), 519-539 *For more information regarding youth at risk and MENTAL heal please see the Impacts of GAMBLING on Youth At Risk brief. 75% of individuals who seek treatment for PROBLEM GAMBLING have a psychiatric IMPACTS OF PROBLEM GAMBLING ON MENTAL HEALTH MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER Within a community sample, approximately of individuals who engaged in problematic GAMBLING met the criteria for major depressive disorder8.

5 Similarly, among individuals who were seeking treatment for problematic GAMBLING , met the criteria for major depressive Depressive symptoms have been shown to predict the onset of GAMBLING behaviors one year People who engage in PROBLEM GAMBLING and have depression are more likely to report greater severity of problems associated with GAMBLING , history of childhood abuse and neglect, lower family functioning, and lower levels of extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness compared to those who engage in PROBLEM GAMBLING without BIPOLAR DISORDER Roughly of individuals seeking treatment for PROBLEM GAMBLING also had a bipolar disorder Individuals with a bipolar diagnosis are four times more likely to have moderate to severe GAMBLING problems than the general Individuals meeting criteria for PROBLEM GAMBLING and bipolar disorder reported lower quality of life compared to those with bipolar who did not engage in problematic 7.

6 Dowling, N., Cowlishaw, S., Jackson, A., Merkouris, S., Francis, K., & Christensen, D. (2015). Prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity in treatment-seeking PROBLEM gamblers: asystematic review and meta-analysis. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 49(6), 519-539 8. Quigley, L., Yakovenko, I., Hodgins, D. C., Dobson, K. S., el-Guebaly, D., Casey, D. M., Currie, S. R., Smith, G. J., Williams, R. J., Schopflocher, D. P. (2015). Comorbid PROBLEM GAMBLING andmajor depression in a community sample. Journal of GAMBLING Studies, 31, 1135-1152. 9. Keough, M. T., Penniston, T. L., Vilhena-Churchill, N.

7 , Bagby, R. M., & Quilty, L. C. (2018). Depression symptoms and reasons for GAMBLING sequentially mediate the associations betweeninsecure attachment style and PROBLEM GAMBLING . Addictive Behaviors, 78, 166-172. 10. Dowling, N. A., Butera, C. A., Merkouris, S. S., Youssef, G. J., Rodda, S. N., Jackson, A. C. (2019). The reciprocal association between PROBLEM GAMBLING and MENTAL HEALTH symptoms/substance use: cross-lagged path modelling of longitudinal cohort data. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8, 1888. 11. Jones, L., Metcalf, A., Smith, K. G., Forty, L., Perry, A., Lloyd, J., Geddes, J. R.

8 , Goodwin, G. M., Jones, I., Craddock, N., Rogers, R. D. (2015). GAMBLING problems in bipolar disorder in the UK:prevalence and distribution. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 207, 328-333. 12. Kennedy, S. H., Welsh, B. R., Fulton, K., Soczynska, J. K., McIntyre, R. S., O Donovan, C., Milev, R., le Melledo, J., Bisserbe, J., Zimmerman, M., Martin, N. (2010). Frequency and correlates ofgambling problems in outpatients with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(9), 568-576. MOOD DISORDERS AND PROBLEM GAMBLING An estimated of individuals seeking treatment for PROBLEM GAMBLING also have mood disorders like major depression and bipolar Approximately 1 in 10 individuals with a bipolar diagnosis are at risk of PROBLEM Individuals with more severe depression are more likely to gamble as a way to cope with unwanted IMPACTS OF PROBLEM GAMBLING ON MENTAL HEALTH SUICIDALITY, SELF- HARM AND PROBLEM GAMBLING Among individuals with problematic GAMBLING behaviors, suicidal behaviors ( , suicide attempts, completed suicides)

9 Are more common among those who also engage in disordered substance use than those who engage in PROBLEM GAMBLING without disordered substance Suicidality is times higher in individuals with problematic GAMBLING than those without problematic GAMBLING Even after controlling for conditions such as depression, substance use, ADHD, and anxiety, suicidality rates remained times higher in those with problematic GAMBLING than in the general Although the research is limited, some data suggest a positive relationship - that is, when one increases so does the other - between non-suicidal self-harm ( , cutting, self-burning, or self-mutilation) and PROBLEM DISORDERS AND PROBLEM GAMBLING Nearly one half ( ) of individuals seeking treatment for PROBLEM GAMBLING had comorbid personality disorders, with the most prevalent being narcissistic ( ), antisocial ( ), avoidant ( ), obsessive-compulsive ( ), and borderline ( )

10 Personality In a large epidemiological study of over 10,000 adults, individuals with problematic GAMBLING were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with a comorbid personality disorder ( ) than individuals who do not PROBLEM gamble ( ).16 7. Dowling, N., Cowlishaw, S., Jackson, A., Merkouris, S., Francis, K., & Christensen, D. (2015). Prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity in treatment-seeking PROBLEM gamblers: asystematic review and meta-analysis. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 49(6), 519-539 13. H kansson, A. & Karlsson, A. (2020). Suicide attempts in patients with gabling disorder- associations with comorbidity in cluding substance use disorders.