METAMORPHOSED AND METAMORPHOGENIc ORE …

1 SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, AND METAMORPHOGENIc ORE DEPOSITSCONTENTSOres and Metamorphism: Introduction and Historical Perspectives VokesRegional Metamorphic Remobilization: B. Marshall, Vokes, and Larocque Upgrading and Formation of Ore DepositsDiscriminating between Regional Metamorphic Remobilization and B. Marshall and Spry Syntectonic Emplacement in the Genesis of Massive Sulfide OresMetamorphic Fluids and Their Relationship to the Formation of I. Cartwright and Oliver METAMORPHOSED and METAMORPHOGENIc Ore DepositsRegional Metamorphism and Ore Formation: Heinrich, Andrew, and Knill Evidence from Stable Isotopes and Other Fluid TracersFiuid Inclusions in METAMORPHOSED and Synmetamorphic B.

2 Marshall, Giles, and Hagemann (Including METAMORPHOGENIc ) Base and Precious Metal deposits : Indicators of Ore-Forming Conditions and/ or Ore-Modifying Histories?Sulfidation and Oxidation Haloes as Guides in the . S pr y Exploration for METAMORPHOSED Massive Sulfide OresMeta-Exhalites as Exploration Guides to Ore Spry, Peter, and SlackMetamorphism of Komatiite-Hosted Nickel Sulfide deposits Barnes and HillMetamorphism of Ni-Cu Sulfides in Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusions: F. Mancini and H. Papunen The Svecofennian Saaksjarvi Complex, Southern FinlandTungsten Mineralization and Metamorphic Remobilization in R. H ll and R. Eichhorn the Felbertal Scheelite Deposit, Central Alps, AustriaGold deposits in Amphibolite and Granulite Facies Terranes J.

3 Ridley, Groves, and Knight of the Archean Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia: Evidence and Implications of Synmetamorphic MineralizationSubduction-Related Diamond deposits ? Constraints, Griffin, O Reilly, and Davies Possibilities, and New Data from Eastern Vokes, B. Marshall, and SpryREvIEwS IN EcONOMIc GEOLOGY volume 11 Society of Economic Geologists, in Economic Geology, Vol. 11 Metamorphic and METAMORPHOGENIc Ore Vokes, B. Marshall, and Spry, EditorsAdditional copies of this publication can be obtained fromSociety of Economic Geologists, Shaffer ParkwayLittleton, CO : 978-1-629495-69-9 The Authors: Anita Andrew CSIRO Division of Petroleum Resources PO Box 136 North Ryde New South Wales 1670 Australia Tel.

4 + Fax: + e-mail: Stephen J. Barnes CSIRO Division of Exploration and Mining Private Bag, W~mbley Western Australia 6014 Australia Tel. + Fax: + e-mail: Ian Cartwright Department of Earth Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia Tel. + Fax: + e-mail: Rondi M. Davies GEMOC Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales 2109 Australia Tel. + Fax: + e-mail: Roland Eichhorn Bayerisches Geologisches Landesamt HeBstrasse 128 D-80797 Miinchen Germany Tel. + Fax: + e-mail: Alan D. Giles Dewrtment of Applied Geology University of Technology-Sydney PO Box 123 Broadway New South Wales 2007 Australia .TeL + Fax: + e-mail: William L. Griffin GEMOC Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Macquarie University Sydney.

5 New South Wales 2109 Australia Tel. + Fax: + e-mail: David I. Groves Centre for Strategic Mineral deposits University of Western Australia Nedlands Western Australia 6907 Australia Tel. + Fax: + e-mail: dgroves geol. Steffen G. Hagemann Department of Geology and Geophysics Centre for Strategic Mineral deposits University of Western Australia Nedlands Western Australia 6907 Australia Tel. + Fax: + e-mail: shageman Christoph A. Heinrich Institut fiir Isotopengeologie und Mineralische Rohstoffe Departement Erdwissenschaften NO ETH Zentrum CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland Tel. + Fax: + e-mail: ii Robin Hill CSIRO, Exploration and Mining Private Bag, PO Wembley Western Australia 6014 Australia Tel.

6 + Fax: + e-mail: Rudolf HoB Institut fiir Allgemeine und Angewandte Geologie Ludwig-Maximillians-Universiilit Luisenstrasse 37 D-80333 Miinchen Germany Tel. + Fax: + e-mail: @ Matthias D. Knill SIG Schweizerische Industrie-Gesellschaft Holding AG Industrieplatz 8212 Neuhausen am Rheinfall Switzerland Tel. + Fax: + e-mail: Joseph T. Knight BHP Minerals Discovery Level 3, QCL House 40 McDougall St. Milton, Brisbane Queensland 4064 Australia Tel. + Fax: + e-mail: Adrienne Larocque Department of Geological Sciences 125 Dysart Road University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada Tel. + Fax: + e-mail: Franco Mancini Mineral and Fuel Resources Department Geological Survey of Japan 1-1-3 Higashi, Tsukuba 305 Japan Tel.

7 + Fax: + e-mail: Brian Marshall Department of Applied Geology University of Technology-Sydney PO Box 123 Broadway New South Wales 2007 Australia Tel. + Fax: + e-mail: Nicholas Oliver Economic Geology Research Unit School of Earth Sciences James Cook University Townsville Queensland 4811 Australia Tel. + Fax: + e-mail: Suzanne Y O'Reilly GEMOC Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales 2109 Australia Tel. + Fax: + e-mail: Heikki Papunen Department of Geology University ofTurku FIN-20014 Turku Finland Tel. + Fax: + e-mail: Jan M. Peter Geological Survey of Canada 601 Booth Street Ottawa, Ontario KIA OE8 Canada Tel. + Fax: + e-mail: John Ridley GEMOC Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales 2109 Australia Tel.

8 + Fax: + e-mail: John F. Slack Geological Survey National Center, MS 954 Reston, VA 20192 USA Tel. + Fax: + e-mail: Paul G. Spry Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences 253 Science I Iowa State University Ames, lA 50011-3212 USA Tel. + Fax: + e-mail: Frank M. Vokes Institutt for Geologi og Bergteknikk Norges tekniske naturvitenskapelige Universitet N-7034 Trondheim Norway Tel. + Fax: + ,, e-mail: iii ,. PREFACE Many of the world's largest deposits of base and precious metal ores are located in metamorphic terclnes. Deforma-tion, metamorphism, and the accompanying fluid-flow regimes have tremendous capacity to both form and modifY such deposits . Nevertheless, ideas regarding-the relationships of specific deposits to metamorphic and_ deformational processes affecting their host rocks have varied over the years; once again, these relationships and associated concepts are being scrutinized and intensely questioned.

9 It is, therefore, an appropriate time to review knowledge and beliefs per-taining to several aspects of these ores. Not only is such a re-view of academic interest (important and exciting as this may be), but also, a better understanding of the timing of miner-alization relative to deformation, metamorphism, and re-gional and local fluid flow is essential to more effective ex-ploration for, and exploitation of, these types of ore. It has not been practical to cover all aspects of ores in metamorphic terranes in this volume. The individual pa-pers are authoritative, being based on the original research of well-recognized experts in their respective fields, and in many cases they present new data. While a degree of bal-ance has been sought, it is recognized that some important ore types and related processes lack consideration.

10 This is undoubtedly the case for some nonsulfidic ore types, and with one exception, most nonmetallic mineral deposits in metamorphic terranes. Furthermore, contact metamor-phic ores have received no attention because their ore-gen-erating events are predominantly magmatic-hydrothermal (rather than regional metamorphic), and in any case, such ores would warrant a whole volume to do them justice. The distinction between METAMORPHOSED , metamor-phic, and METAMORPHOGENIc mineral deposits is ad-dressed, and the terms defined, in an introductory chap-ter by Vokes that also reviews the historical development of ideas on ores in metamorphic terranes. Aspects of this ter-minology have also been developed in several other pa-pers ( , Marshall, Vokes, and Larocque; Marshall and Spry; and Heinrich, Andrew, and Knill).