Methyl Bromide Phase-Out Strategies - UNEP

1 MethylBromide Phase-OutStrategiesA Global Compilation of Laws andRegulationsUnited Nations Environment ProgrammeDivision of Technology, Industry and EconomicsOzonAction ProgrammeMethyl Bromide Phase-Out StrategiesA Global Compilation of Laws and RegulationsAcknowledgementsThis publication was produced by the OzonAction Programme of the United Nations EnvironmentProgramme Division of Technology, Industry and Economics (UNEP TIE). The team at UNEP TIE that managed this publication was:Jacqueline Aloisi de Larderel, Director, UNEP TIER ajendra Shende, Chief, Energy and OzonAction Unit, UNEP TIEC ecilia Mercado, Information Officer, UNEP TIEThis document was prepared by the Pesticide Action Network North America (PANNA).

2 PANNA staffChristine Lee and Ama Marston provided research assistance. The following PANNA partner groupsassisted in translating and implementing the global survey which the report is based on: PAN Africa,PAN Colombia (RAPALMIRA), PAN Philippines and Comite Nacional pro Defense de la Fauna y Flora(CODEFF - Friends of the Earth-Chile). Corinna Gilfillan of Friends of the Earth-USA provided critical assistance in the coordination, production, and review :Kristin S. Schafer, PANNAP roject reviewers: Aminah Ali, Tom Batchelor, Dominique Kayser, Catalina Mosler, Elsa Nivia,Romeo Quijano, Jacinthe Seguin, Maloy Torres and Jessica Vallette Design and layout.

3 Amp&rsand graphic design 1999 UNEPThis document is available and will be periodically updated on the UNEP OzonAction website publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgementof the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses thispublication as a use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoeverwithout prior permission in writing from designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not implythe expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations EnvironmentProgramme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities.

4 Orconcerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Moreover, the views expressed do not neces-sarily represent the decision or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme,nor does citing the trade names or commercial processes constitute : 92-807-1773-1 MethylBromide Phase-OutStrategiesA Global Compilation of Laws andRegulationsUnited Nations Environment ProgrammeDivision of Technology, Industry and EconomicsOzonAction ProgrammeTable of ContentsAMessage from UNEP s Executive 1. Purpose of the Data Collection How to Use the Complementary 2.

5 Phasing Out Methyl Bromide ..72-1. Methyl Bromide Use and Montreal Protocol Promoting Alternatives to Methyl 3. The Importance of Policy Measures ..113-1. Effective Policy Reported Barriers to Phase 4. Overview of Policy Survey Results ..154-1. Laws Targeting Methyl Bromide as an Ozone Depleting Pesticide Control Restrictions on Permitting Requirements and Other Incentives for Adopting 5. Country Reports by Region ..235-1. Asia and the Pacific Latin America and the Middle Other Article 5(1) Non-Article 5(1) 6.

6 Policy Resources under the Montreal Protocol ..1216-1. The Multilateral Fund s Implementing About the UNEP-TIE OzonAction Programme ..1236-3. About the UNEPD ivision of Technology, Industry and Online A. Policy Survey ..128 Appendix B. Complementary Resources ..133 Appendix C. Index by Country ..135 Appendix D. Key Word Index ..138 List of TablesTable 2-1: Countries Restricting or Phasing Out Methyl BromideBefore Montreal Protocol 4-1: Regional Summary of Legislation, Controls and Incentives Affecting Methyl Bromide 5-1: Africa Country Report 5-2: Asia and the Pacific Region Country Report 5-3: Latin America and the Caribbean Country Report 5-4: Middle East Country Report 5-5:Other Article 5(1) Country Report 5-6.

7 Non-Article 5(1) Country Report from UNEP s Executive DirectorProtecting the ozone layer is the main goal of the Montreal Protocol on Substancesthat Deplete the Ozone Layer. Vital to all forms of life, the ozone layer is a protectiveshield above the Earth that filters out harmful ultraviolet radiation from the the early 1990s, scientists discovered that Methyl Bromide , a chemical used primar-ily as a fumigant in agriculture, and for pest control in structures and stored com-modities and for quarantine and pre-shipment treatments, was depleting the ozonelayer.

8 The bromine from Methyl Bromide is 60 times more destructive to ozone on anatom-per-atom basis than the chlorine from CFCs. The Parties to the MontrealProtocol responded to this threat by including Methyl Bromide as one of the con-trolled substances under the Protocol and agreeing to a global Phase-Out out Methyl Bromide is essential to achieving the Protocol s goals. However, itdoes not mean that agriculture, which is important to the economies of many devel-oping countries, will be adversely affected. UNEP s Methyl Bromide Technical OptionsCommittee has identified effective alternatives for the vast majority of Methyl bromideuses and many of these are already used successfully around the national policies are needed to meet the Protocol s Phase-Out requirementsand to promote widespread adoption of alternatives.

9 Experience gained from replac-ing other ozone-depleting substances has shown that strong policy measures bringabout a faster phase out in a cost-effective way. Farmers and other Methyl bromideusers will also benefit from policy measures that support their efforts to transition toozone-friendly , through its OzonAction Programme, is committed to assisting countries inputting such policies into place and has created Methyl Bromide Phase-Out Strategiesas a resource for policymakers developing policy measures to replace Methyl document provides an overview of the range of policy options available to con-trol Methyl Bromide .

10 And outlines existing policy measures on Methyl Bromide fromover 90 countries. It is hoped that this document, along with UNEP s other policy development tools,will help developing countries take their first steps in moving away from Methyl bro-mide and in meeting their commitments to the Montreal T pferUnited Nations Under-Secretary-Generaland Executive Director ofUNEPINTRODUCTIONS ection Purpose of the CompilationThis compilation is designed to be a resource for those countries developing action plans andimplementing measures to promote the phase out of the ozone depleting pesticide methylbromide.