Microcontroller Based Automated Water Level Sensing and ...

1 Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2010 Vol I. WCECS 2010, October 20-22, 2010, San Francisco, USA. Microcontroller Based Automated Water Level Sensing and Controlling: Design and Implementation Issue S. M. Khaled Reza, Shah Ahsanuzzaman Md. Tariq, Mohsin Reza make a device on/off. Moreover, the common method of Level Abstract In this paper we introduce the notion of Water Level control for home appliance is simply to start the feed pump at monitoring and management within the context of electrical a low Level and allow it to run until a higher Water Level is conductivity of the Water . More specifically, we investigate the reached in the Water tank. This is not properly supported for Microcontroller Based Water Level Sensing and controlling in a wired and wireless environment. Water Level management adequate controlling system. Besides this, liquid Level control approach would help in reducing the home power consumption systems are widely used for monitoring of liquid levels , and as well as Water overflow.

2 Furthermore, it can indicate the reservoirs, silos, and dams etc. Usually, this kind of systems amount of Water in the tank that can support Global Water provides visual multi Level as well as continuous Level types including cellular dataloggers, satellite data transmission indication. Audio visual alarms at desired levels and systems for remote Water monitoring system. Moreover, cellular automatic control of pumps Based on user's requirements can phones with relative high computation power and high quality graphical user interface became available recently. From the be included in this management system. Proper monitoring is users perspective it is required to reuse such valuable resource needed to ensure Water sustainability is actually being in a mobile application. Finally, we proposed a web and cellular reached, with disbursement linked to Sensing and automation. Based monitoring service protocol would determine and senses Such programmatic approach entails Microcontroller Based Water Level globally.

3 Automated Water Level Sensing and controlling. This paper is organized in the following ways. Chapter two Index Terms Conductivity, indicator, microchip, nozzle, concentrated with the basic concepts of the system design. In and Water Level sensor. chapter three we described the concrete idea of PIC16F84A. I. INTRODUCTION Design and Implementation part is described in chapter four. Chapter five describes about our proposed monitoring and Sustainability of available Water resource in many reason controlling network. Chapter six deals with the conclusion of the word is now a dominant issue. This problem is quietly and future works. related to poor Water allocation, inefficient use, and lack of adequate and integrated Water management. Water is II. BASIC CONCEPTS. commonly used for agriculture, industry, and domestic consumption. Therefore, efficient use and Water monitoring The technique of Water Level monitoring and controlling are potential constraint for home or office Water management system concentrated with some basic parts which are softly system.

4 Last few decades several monitoring system aggregated together in our proposed method. Basic integrated with Water Level detection have become accepted. descriptions of some parts are described below. Measuring Water Level is an essential task for government and A. Water Level Indicator residence perspective. In this way, it would be possible to For Water Level indication unit we can use some LED light track the actual implementation of such initiatives with which will work for Water Level indication. By touching integration of various controlling activities. Therefore, Water different Water levels through Water Level sensor, LED should controlling system implementation makes potential be indicated as on/off ( on: yes sensor senses Water ). significance in home applications. The existing Automated method of Level detection is described and that can be used to B. Water Level Sensor To make special Water Level sensor we would like to Manuscript received July 26, 2010.

5 Introduce some convenient materials such as Iron rod, Khaled Reza is with the International Master Programs in nozzles, resistance, rubber etc. A connecting rod made by iron Computational Engineering (Distributed Systems Engineering), Department of Computer Science, Dresden University of Technology, N tnitzer Stra e and steel which should be connected with ground and we need 46, D-01187 Dresden, GERMANY (phone: +4917687240068; e-mail: at least four nozzles which should be connected with +5v via a 1k resistance. We need to bind them together and put a A. S. M. Tariq was with the University of Trento, ITALY. He is now with the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences rubber at their joint point which will act as an insulator for Dresden, Friedrich-List-Platz 1, D-01069 Dresden, GERMANY (e-mail: every nozzle. When the sensor touches Water , nozzles and connecting rod get electric connection using Water Mohsin Reza is with the International Masters Program in conductivity [3].))

6 Computational Engineering (Distributed Systems Engineering), Department of Computer Science, Dresden University of Technology, N tnitzer Stra e 46, D-01187 Dresden, GERMANY (e-mail: ISBN: 978-988-17012-0-6 WCECS 2010. ISSN: 2078-0958 (Print); ISSN: 2078-0966 (Online). Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2010 Vol I. WCECS 2010, October 20-22, 2010, San Francisco, USA. C. Water Pump Controlling System memory is used to store the program. The size of program We can control the Water pump by connecting it with an memory is 1024 locations with 14 bits width. Flash memory output pin of Microcontroller via a motor driver circuit. When can be rewritten large amount of times for updating purpose. Microcontroller sends a positive signal (+5v) or a ground Even if power is switched off the contents of the flash memory signal (0v) to the motor driver circuit, then the Water pump will not be lost because of having EEPROM.)

7 Data become on or off respectively. We also would like to use a registers are generally used to keep numeric values such manual switch on the motor driver circuit which is supposed as integer and floating-point values. It can work as to use for controlling it manually. It makes this system more accumulator of the memory. Data memory has been users friendly. partitioned into general purpose registers and special purpose registers which are used to store data address etc. and hold D. Microcontroller programs state respectively. Microcontroller is a computer on a chip that is programmed to perform almost any control, sequencing, monitoring and display the function. Because of its relatively low cost, it IV. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION. becomes the natural choice to the designer. Microcontroller is For experiment this design we have been using an 8 bit designed to be all of that in one. Its great advantage is no other Microcontroller , an inverter, a reserve tank (res.)

8 Tank), Water external components are needed for its application because all tank and Water pump. Water pump has been controlled using necessary peripherals are already built into it. Thus, we can Water Level sensor. Four homemade Water Level sensors are save the time, space and cost which is needed to construct low used to detect the Water Level . Inverted sensor data used to cost devices [1]. pass as the input of Microcontroller [6]. We used MPLAB. E. Others programming software to write into PIC 16F84A memory [1]. To control some high power devices such as lights, heaters, solenoids and motor with a Microcontroller we need interface devices between the Microcontroller pins and the high power Start devices. Mechanical relays sometimes called contactors are available to switch currents from milliampere to several thousands of amperes. In this system we should use a relay Sense Water Reserve Tank circuit with the Water pump to adapt with high voltage ac (Sensor).

9 Current. The output of relay circuit should be connected with Call(2 min No(5 min Delay). motor's negative side of the cable. The positive side of the Delay). cable should be connected with 220v ac current. So, we can Is Tank empty? use electromagnetic relay as an electrical amplifier. yes Sense Water Tank (4 Sensor). III. PIC 16F84A Microcontroller . PIC is a family of RISC microcontrollers made by Call(5 min Delay). Microchip Technology which is derived from the PIC1650 Controller (Decision Making Based on Water Level ). that is originally developed by General Instrument's Microelectronics Division. PIC is the integrated circuit which no yes was usually developed to control peripheral devices and Is Tank full? alleviating the load from the main CPU. Compared to a human being, the brain is the main CPU and the PIC is equivalent to the autonomic nervous system. Therefore, we Motor on Motor off propose a low cost 8-bit PIC 16F84A Microcontroller as a Display Unit central controller of our system [1].

10 A. PIC 16F84A Block Description Figure 1: Flow chart of system design The PIC 16F84A belongs to the mid-range family of the PICmicro Microcontroller devices. The program memory contains 1K words, which translates to 1024 instructions, A. System Architecture since each 14-bit program memory word is the same width as At the first stage of design a Water Level sensor is been each device instruction. The data memory (RAM) contains 68 made for Sensing Water Level accurately. Microcontroller is bytes [1]. Data EEPROM is 64 bytes. There are also 13 I/O used to control the overall system automatically that reduces pins that are user-configured on a pin-to-pin basis. Some pins the design and control complexity. Microcontroller takes are multiplexed with other device functions. input from the sensor unit which senses the Water Level B. Memory Organization through inverter. After processing input variables, resultant output decides the Water pump's action (on/off) with respect There are two memory blocks available in the PIC 16F84A.