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1 CANADIANJOURNALMILITARYVol. 16, No. 3, Summer 2016 GUIDELINES FOR THE SUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPTSC anadian MILITARY Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts on topics of broad significance to the defence community in canada , including, but not limited to, security and defence policy, strategic issues, doctrine, operations, force structures, the application of technology, equipment procurement, MILITARY history, leadership, training and MILITARY ethics. Forward-looking pieces which present original concepts or ideas, new approaches to old problems and fresh interpretation are especially are asked to note the following general guidelines:q Manuscripts may be submitted in either official As a general rule, manuscripts of major articles should be between 3500 to 6000 words in length, including endnotes. However, shorter pieces are also welcomed, especially views and opinions that engage in the debate of relevant issues, as are letters to the Manuscripts must be submitted in electronic format, on disc or by e-mail, in MS Word or WordPerfect.

2 E-mail address: The preferred program is MS Manuscripts should be accompanied by appropriate graphs, charts, photographs, maps or other illustrations which illuminate the context of the article. All images sent electronically, including photos, charts, figures, and graphs, should be no smaller than 5 x7 and saved at 300 dpi as a JPEG or TIF file in Photoshop or other well-known formats. Expressed another way, an individual image of 1MB will usually suffice for publication purposes. If in doubt about image suitability, contact either the Editor or the Publication Manager for guidance. Illustrations from a Powerpoint program cannot be used because the resolution is too low (72 dpi).q Manuscripts should conform to standard academic style, using Oxford English or Petit Robert spelling, with endnotes rather than Acronyms and MILITARY abbreviations should be used sparingly, but, if unavoidable, they may be used in the body of the text provided that the term is written out in full the first time it is used, followed by the abbreviated form in brackets.

3 On the other hand, MILITARY jargon and slang terms should, as a rule, be All submissions must be accompanied by a brief (one paragraph) biographical sketch of the author which includes current appointment, telephone number, e-mail address and mailing manuscripts normally will be reviewed anonymously by at least two external readers from the Editorial Board, who will make recommendations to the Editor as to suitability for publication. Manuscripts will be judged on the originality and quality of the argument or discussion, the relevance and timeliness of the topic, and on quality of the writing style. The Deputy Minister and Chief of the Defence Staff have delegated authority to approve manuscripts for publication in Canadian MILITARY Journal to the Editor acting on recommendations of the Editorial Board, so serving members of the Canadian Armed Forces and civilian employees of the Department of National Defence are not required to obtain prior clearance from their superior when submitting a manuscript.

4 The Editor reserves the right to edit manuscripts for style, grammar and length, but will not make editorial changes which affect the integrity of the argument or discussion without reference to the author. Manuscripts that are not accepted for publication will be returned to the author. No copy of unpublished manuscripts will be retained by Canadian MILITARY Journal, the Editorial Board or Department of National 16, No. 3, Summer 2016 Canadian MILITARY Journal 1 Vol. 16, No. 3, Summer 2016 CONTENTSISSN 1492-465 XCanadian Armed Forces Reserves Quo Vadis?Operation HONOUR ~ The Chief of the Defence Staff Addresses Sexual Misconduct in the Canadian Armed ForcesCoverCaribou Memorial at Newfoundland Memorial Park on the Somme commemorating Newfoundland s losses from the battles of the First World War, particularly those at Beaumont Hamel, 1 July : Image ID D30 BRC Ian Nellist/Alamy Stock PhotoCanadian MILITARY Journal/Revue militaire canadienne is the official professional journal of the Canadian Armed Forces and the Department of National Defence.

5 It is published quarterly under authority of the Minister of National Defence. Opinions expressed or implied in this publication are those of the author, and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of National Defence, the Canadian Armed Forces, Canadian MILITARY Journal, or any agency of the Government of canada . Crown copyright is retained. Articles may be reproduced with permission of the Editor, on condition that appropriate credit is given to Canadian MILITARY Journal. Each issue of the Journal is published simultaneously in print and electronic versions; it is available on the Internet at EDITOR S CORNERSPECIAL REPORT6 Operation HONOUR ~ The Chief of the Defence Staff Addresses Sexual Misconduct in the Canadian Armed Forcesby General Jonathan Vance THE RESERVE FORCE16 Canadian Armed Forces Reserves Quo Vadis?by ric Tremblay and Howard CoombsPOLITICAL SCIENCE29 New Wars in Contemporary China?

6 By Kunal MukherjeeTHE PHILOSOPHY OF GLOBAL SECURITY38 Building the Great Community: Assessing Josiah Royce s War Insurance Proposal in Light of the Collective Security Ideal of the League of Nations and the UNby Marc AndersonMILITARY HISTORY 51 No. 2 Construction Battalion: The Operational Historyby Mathias JoostVIEWS AND OPINIONS60 Humanism and the MILITARY Conscience: A Reply to Pichette and Marshallby Stephen Hare66 The Accidental Strategic Chief Petty Officer/Chief Warrant Officerby Necole E. BelangerCOMMENTARY72 The Renaissance of Peacekeeping and Peace Operationsby Martin Shadwick80 BOOK REVIEWS2 Canadian MILITARY Journal Vol. 16, No. 3, Summer to Contact UsCanadian MILITARY JournalPO Box 17000, Station ForcesKingston, Ontario canada , K7K 7B4 Fax: (613) 541-6866E-mail: L. Bashow (613) 541-5010 ext. 6148 ManagerClaire Chartrand (613) 541-5010 ext. 6837 Bureau, Public Services and Procurement canada CommentaryMartin ShadwickEditorial AdvisorMichael BoireOversight CommitteeChairmanMajor-General Tremblay, Commander, Canadian Defence Academy (CDA)MembersMr.

7 David L. Bashow, Editor-in-Chief, Canadian MILITARY Journal (CMJ)Colonel Marty Cournoyer, representing Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) Dr. Kowal, Principal, Royal MILITARY College of canada (RMCC)Commander Hugues Canuel, representing Chief of the Maritime Staff (CMS)Brigadier-General Friday, Commandant Royal MILITARY College of canada (RMCC)Major Chris Young, representing Chief of Staff Army StrategyLieutenant-Colonel Kimberley Maynard, Director Canadian Forces MILITARY Law Centre (CFMLC), Canadian Defence Academy (CDA)Ms. Hanya Soliman, representing Chief of the Defence Intelligence (CDI)Editorial BoardDr. Douglas BlandMajor (ret d) Michael BoireMajor Bernard DionneLieutenant-Colonel (ret d) Douglas DelaneyDr. Rocky J. DwyerLieutenant-Colonel (ret d) Michael GoodspeedMajor-General (ret d) Daniel GosselinMajor John GrodzinskiDr. David HallProfessor Michael HennessyColonel Bernd Horn Professor Hamish IonPhilippe Lagass Lieutenant-Colonel (ret d) David LastDr.

8 Chris MadsenDr. Sean MaloneyProfessor Brian McKercherDr. Paul MitchellDr. Nezih MradDr. Scot RobertsonProfessor St phane RousselProfessor Elinor SloanChief Warrant Officer McCannColonel (ret d) Randall WakelamNOTE TO READERSAs a bilingual journal, readers should take note that where citations are translated from their original language, the abbreviation [TOQ] at the end of the note, which stands for translation of original quote , indicates to the readers that the original citation can be found in the published version of the Journal in the other official language. Building the Great Community: Assessing Josiah Royce s War Insurance Proposal in Light of the Collective Security Ideal of the League of Nations and the UNNo. 2 Construction Battalion: The Operational History New Wars in Contemporary China?Vol. 16, No. 3, Summer 2016 Canadian MILITARY Journal 3 EDITOR S CORNERW elcome to yet another summer edition of the Canadian MILITARY Journal.

9 The majestic caribou stag statue that graces our cover was deliberately chosen to honour the gallant yet futile sacrifices of the men of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment at Beaumont Hamel in France, one hundred years ago this summer. It was at Beaumont Hamel, on 1 July 1916, during the opening day of the Somme Offensive, that the regiment fought its first battle in France, and it would be its costliest of the entire the dawn of 1916, the two great opposing armies remained deadlocked on the Western Front in a line of trenches that stretched nearly 1000 kilometres from the Swiss frontier through France and out to the Belgian coast. In numerous attempts to break the stalemate, both sides ..adhered to outdated army traditions and relied on massive, head-on infantry assaults. As attack after attack failed, the toll in human lives grew The Allied plan for 1916 was to launch simultaneous offensives on the Western, Eastern, and Italian Fronts.

10 In the West, the region of the Somme was chosen for a joint French and British assault about mid-year. However, the Allied plan was upset in February when the Germans seized the initiative and launched a bloody and extended assault against the French at Verdun. During this holocaust of fighting, the French sent frantic appeals to Sir Douglas Haig, the new British commander, to hasten the Somme offensive and take the pressure off Verdun. With French forces being so thoroughly decimated at Verdun, the British now had to assume full responsibility [for the summer offensive.] The massive build-up for the campaign was planned well in advance, and by the end of June, all was ready. However, the German army had been long forewarned of the attack, and they were firmly entrenched along an extensive ridge of chalk hills that were very heavily of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment waiting to advance at Beaumont ID EDBRB1 Universal Images Group North America LLC/Alamy Stock Photo4 Canadian MILITARY Journal Vol.