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MODULE 4: Understanding the policy, political and …

IiiiiMODULE 4: Understanding the policy , political and decision - making processesiiiiiiiiiiMODULE 4: Understanding the policy , political and decision - making processesiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMODULE 4: Understanding the policy , political and decision - making processesCONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENT SCONTENTSMODULE 4: Understanding THE policy , political AND decision - making PROCESSO bjectives1 Session 62 Introduction to the policy development processes2 Systems thinking and impact2 policy categorization2 The policy - making process3 policy analysis5 policy intervention5 Politics, laws and budgets6 political processes8 The political arena9 Rulemakers and timeframes9 Session 710 Introduction to the decision - making process10 The decision - making process11 decision - making models11 Types of decisions12 Resources13 Entering the decision - making process14 References15 Information sheet - policy , public policy and17health policyInformation sheet - How laws are made in a19 Westminster SystemivivivivivMODULE 4.

iv MODULE 4: Understanding the policy, political and decision-making processes Information sheet 4.3 - Decision making models 20 Facilitator’s guide - Understanding policy 22

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1 IiiiiMODULE 4: Understanding the policy , political and decision - making processesiiiiiiiiiiMODULE 4: Understanding the policy , political and decision - making processesiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMODULE 4: Understanding the policy , political and decision - making processesCONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENT SCONTENTSMODULE 4: Understanding THE policy , political AND decision - making PROCESSO bjectives1 Session 62 Introduction to the policy development processes2 Systems thinking and impact2 policy categorization2 The policy - making process3 policy analysis5 policy intervention5 Politics, laws and budgets6 political processes8 The political arena9 Rulemakers and timeframes9 Session 710 Introduction to the decision - making process10 The decision - making process11 decision - making models11 Types of decisions12 Resources13 Entering the decision - making process14 References15 Information sheet - policy , public policy and17health policyInformation sheet - How laws are made in a19 Westminster SystemivivivivivMODULE 4.

2 Understanding the policy , political and decision - making processesInformation sheet - decision making models20 Facilitator s guide - Understanding policy22development processesExercise sheet - policy categorization tool24 Exercise sheet - policy process assessmentcheck list26 Exercise sheet - policy analysis check-list28 Exercise sheet - policy interventions planning30frameworkExercise sheet - political system type32assessment toolExercise sheet - political arena assessment tool34 Facilitator s guide - Understanding decision -making36processesExercise sheet - Type of decision -making37assessment toolExercise sheet - Resource assessment tool39 Exercise sheet - Entering the decision -making40process

3 Tool11111 MODULE 4: Understanding the policy , political and decision - making processesMMMMMODULEODULEODULEODULEODULE 4 4 4 4 4 Understanding THE policy , political AND decision - making PROCESSESO bjectivesObjectivesObjectivesObjectivesO bjectivesUpon completing this session, the reader should be able to:Understand and apply systems theoryUnderstand the policy development process, complete apolicy analysis and develop a policy intervention planAnalyse political and legislative processesKnow how decisions are madeUnderstand the social and political dimensions of decision -makingKnow when and how to enter the decision - making process555555555555555555555555555555 MODULE 2 Identifying and Analysingthe Stakeholders andNetworksMODULE 5 Managing Communicationand the Change ProcessMODULE 3 Understanding theContextual EnvironmentMODULE 1 Identifying the Problemand the Desired OutcomeMODULE 6 Monitoring and Evaluatingthe ProjectMODULE 4 Understanding the policy .

4 political and decision - making ProcessesTTTTTT22222 MODULE 4: Understanding the policy , political and decision - making processesSession 6 Session 6 Session 6 Session 6 Session 6 Introduction to thepolicy developmentprocessesWhen advocating, nurses and midwives must understand thatthere will be competing priorities, existing policies andlegislation that will act as barriers, competition for scarceresources, conflicting positions on the subject, and powervested in others who will need to be influenced. This sessionwill assist you to understand these forces, use them to youradvantage, and thereby advocate session will introduce you to systems thinking in relationto policy development and analysis processes, as well aspolitical and legislative thinking andimpactThe two basic types of system are closed and open.

5 Closedsystems are not influenced by their environment and do notinteract with it. By contrast, an open system recognizes thedynamic interaction of the system with its , when we call organizations systems , we mean opensystems; that is, we accept that an organization continuallyinteracts with its environment. The health system is verymuch an open system .This is important to understand this as an advocate. Whenwanting to influence decision -makers, you need tounderstand that they operate within an open system andthey are influenced by many factors and players. Your caseis not the only case. You should be aware of the competinginfluences on the decision -makers you are wanting toinfluence.

6 The job of the advocate is to ensure that everythinginfluencing the decision -makers is understood andconsidered when developing a plan of action to influencethem in the making of categorizationThere are important overlaps between social policy , economicpolicy and health policy . Social policy is concerned largelywith the maintenance and distribution of income, and theprovision of welfare services such as housing and transportto specific target groups such as the poor. While, in principle,health policy has a narrower focus, for example in meetingthe health needs of a specified population, health insurancepolicies may be designed to cater to the same target groupsSYSTEMA system is a set ofinterrelated andinterdependent partsarranged in a manner thatproduces a unified seen as the continuingwork done by groups ofpolicy actors who useavailable public institutionsto articulate and expressthe things they value.

7 (M. Considine 1994)33333 MODULE 4: Understanding the policy , political and decision - making processesas those catered to by the social welfare sector. Similarly,health policies may have very significant budgetaryimplications for governments. For further information seeInformation Sheet and Exercise Sheet )ExampleThe elements of a policy include: the area affected, public hospitals, community health, public health; the objective or desired outcome, such as a reduction in hospital waitinglists, reduction in incidence of scabies; and the actions that have been, or are to be, taken, including the legislative,financial and administrative mechanisms involved in the process the policy Categorization Tool (Exercise Sheet ), categorizethe following policy examples.

8 Primary health care policy Food safety regulations Mandatory reporting of child abuse Drug use regulations Clinical privileging Professional regulations Course accreditation Programme evaluation The policy -makingprocessIt is important to understand the policy development processso that as an advocate you can plan the type of input youneed in order to have an impact on the final you have identified a need for a policy and want toadvocate for it to be put on the agenda. Your approach willbe different to that needed if you want to be involved in theformulation, adoption, implementation or evaluation phasesof the process. So what are the phases of the policydevelopment process?

9 The five key stages in the healthpolicy- making process are: Problem identification and agenda setting, in whichpolicy problems are defined and the policy agenda it is acknowledged that public problems will onlyreach the political agenda if they are converted intopolitical issues . This usually occurs when an interestgroup demands government action on a problem, or whenthere is public disagreement over ways in which a problemshould be 4: Understanding the policy , political and decision - making processes policy formation is the stage in which policies arecreated or changed. Policies are products of the politicalcontext within which they are developed.

10 It is useful tounderstand policy formation as a social and politicalprocess in order to conceptualize how policies areformulated. Adoption is the stage when the policy is enacted, orbrought into force, for example, by state or federallegislation. New or changed public policies are oftenadopted by means of a decision of the cabinet, or indeedof an individual minister, without any legislative change. policy implementation includes the actions andmechanisms whereby policies are brought into practice,that is, where what is written in the legislation or policydocument is turned into a reality. In this stage the contentof the policy , and its impact on those affected, may bemodified substantially, or even negated.


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