アラビア系文字の基礎知識 - moji

1 2005/6/6 ver.. 2005 1 . 24 31 . [23] .. XSL Formatter .. I 6. 1 6. = 6. 6. 7. 7. 7. 7. 2 8. 8. 8. 10. 3 10. 10. 10. II 11. 1 11. 12. 'alif 12. f ' q f 13. f ' ghayn 13. ayn 13. k f l m 13. m m 13. h ' 13. 14. 14. 2 15. 15. 15. 15. 16. 3 16. 16. 16. 4 17. 17. 17. 18. 18. 5 18. III 19. 1 19. 2 19. /a, i, u/ 20. 20. 20. /' / 20. 3 20. 4 20. IV 22. 1 22. 2 22. 3 23. V 24. 1 24. 2 24. 24. 25. 25. 25. 25. 3 25. 25. 26. 26. 4 27. 27. 27. 5 28. 28. 29. VI 30. 1 30. 30. 30. 2 30. f ' ghayn 30. l m-m m 30. t ' 31. VII 32. 1 32. 32. 32. 32. 2 32. 33. 33. 33. 33. 33. 3 34. 34. 34. 34. 34. 34. 35. 4 35. 5 35. 35. VIII 36. 1 36. 36. 36. 36. 2 37. 38. 38.

2 He 39. 3 39. 39. 40. 40. 40. 4 40. 5 41. 41. /' / 41. 41. 42. 6 42. IX 44. 1 44. 44. 44. 44. 2 44. 44. 45. ye 45. n n 45. 45. 3 45. 45. 46. 46. 46. 4 46. 5 47. 47. 47. X 48. 1 48. 48. 48. 48. 49. 2 49. 50. h 50. i 51. 3 51. 51. 51. 4 51. 5 51. XI Unicode 52. 1 52. 2 53. y ' 53. h ' 54. k f 54. n n 54. f ' 55. q f 55. w w 55. 3 55. XII 57. 6 . I . 1 .. Arabic . Arabic script Arabic language .. (1) .. = .. 3 .. 22 (2) al-Qur' n .. (3) .. (1) .. (2) . (3) .. I 7.. (4) .. T rk .. (5) .. 19 .. (4) . (5) .. 8 .. 1928.. [1] . 2 .. 6 .. 22 28 6 .. (6) .. 7 . (6) lead [li:d] [led] . I 9.. 610 (7). Mu ammad .. 632 .. [8] .. 4 .. 2 .. 3 . 651. [8] .. 688.

3 /a, i, u/ . [8] . 707 .. [8] .. 8 .. (7) . 10 .. (8) .. 2 . 1 .. 3 .. RL .. (9). ligature .. (8) .. (9) . II 11 . II . 28 .. 1 . 28 .. 'alif . ' b b . ' t t . ' th th . j m j . ' . ' kh kh . d l d . dh l dh . ' r r . z y z . s n s . sh n sh . d . d . ' . ' z z . ayn . ghayn gh . ' f f . q f q . k f k . l m l . m m m . n n n . 12 . h ' h . w w w . y ' y . (10) .. Microsoft Arabic Typesetting .. (11) .. basic shape . 'alif 'alif .. A, . 'alif /a/ 'alif . /a/ .. 2 .. /'/ . 'alif . (12) . [1] . 'alif .. (10) . (11) . (12) . II 13. 'alif / / . f ' q f f ' q f . f ' q f .. f ' ghayn f ' ghayn . ghayn . ayn ayn . / / / / . Unicode U+201B: SINGLE HIGH- REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK.

4 Ghayn . k f l m k f s .. s k f . m m m m .. h '. h ' .. m h . 2 (13) .. 3 .. (1) (2) hijr yah . (3) . (13) . 14 . h ' .. 5 .. h ' (14) .. b ' /b/. acrophony(15) .. ' kh ' . h ' .. b ' be . Unicode . Ar: b ', Fa: be Unicode . ARABIC LETTER BEH H H . (16) Ar, Fa: n n Unicode ARABIC LETTER NOON . / / oo .. ' abjad . 4 .. 'alif 1 b ' 2 j m 3 d l 4 1 . 9 10, 20, , 90 100, 200, , 900 .. k f , l m , m m , n n K, L, M, N .. (14) . (15) acro- . (16) Ar Fa Farsi . II 15.. 2 .. qalam . QLM .. mu ammad h . (17) M MMD . mm 1 M MD .. k f (18) KWFY. W, Y / , / .. 'alif w w y ' . / , , / 'alif ' . kit b KT'B .. / / / / /uw/ /iy/ . / , / /uw, iy/ .. (17) . (18) K fa.

5 16 .. kataba . katabat . yaktub na [k, t, b] . kit b k tib maktab maktabat . [k, t, b] .. /a, i, u/ 3 .. 3 .. (19) .. (20) .. kataba KTB . k f t ' b ' .. [] .. (19) .. (20) . II 17.. , , , , , . 6 (21) . kit b KT'B .. 'alif b ' . b ' .. (22) .. ' al .. 4 .. ligature .. l m 'alif .. (21) hor fe moqatta e .. ekasteh . (22) .. 18 .. (23) . Unicode . ZERO WIDTH JOINER ZWJ .. amm m .. ZWJ ZWJ . ZWJ U+200D HTML XML .. IME .. Unicode . Presentation Forms .. 5 .. word division . hyphenation .. (24) . kash dah .. tangeye hormoz . (23) . (24) . III 19. III . 1 .. punctuation marks . 2 .. (25) . shariba (26) .. (1) .. (2) .. 1 . (3) .. (4) .. (5) .. kataba kutiba.

6 Kutiba . (6) .. (25) . (26) sherbet syrup sharbah shar b . 20 . /a, i, u/ . /a, i, u/ .. [a] fat ah . [i] kasrah . [u] ammah .. kutiba .. 'alif y ' w w .. suk n .. Mu ammad awwal . M MD ' WL . shaddah .. tashd d .. /' / . ' 'alif . / / 'alif . 'alif al- Qur' n ' 'alif . maddah .. 3 .. 4 . punctuation marks (27) . III 21.. , 180 .. (27) .. 22 . IV . 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 8 12 . 10 .. (28) . 1 .. 4, 5, 6 .. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9.. 4 .. (29) .. 2 .. (28) 1968 . (29) . IV 23. 3 .. 2 .. 90 .. 24 . V . (30) . (31) .. 1 . qalam .. 2 .. Naskh .. (30) calligraphy . calligraphy .. 4 . (31) .. V 25.. Thuluth . 1/3 . 1/3 . [8] .. K f .. Nasta l q.

7 F rs .. Ruq a .. 3 .. typeface writing style .. (32) .. (33) . (34) . (32) . (33) . (34) . 26 . (1) . (2) (3) .. Carolingian minuscule . Nikolas Jenson .. cursive .. Tahoma .. 19 . [4] . Times New Roman Tahoma Windows . OS Times New Roman Tahoma .. Times New Roman . Tahoma . Times New Roman Monotype . Stanley Morison .. (35) . Times New Roman .. Tahoma . Matthew Carter . Monotype [4] . (35) . V 27.. DecoType DecoType Naskh Naskh Swashes Thuluth . Lotus Linotype Naskh Ahmad Arabic Microsoft . Arabic Typesetting Arabic Typesetting .. 4 .. (36) .. (1) . (2) .. poor man's bold . poor man's bold . f ' w w . th ' .. poor man's bold .. slant . (36).

8 28 . DTP .. (37) .. DTP .. (38) .. 5 .. (39) .. 10pt . 10pt .. 10pt 10pt .. -M Arabic Typesetting .. Arabic Typesetting . (40) . (37) . (38) .. (39) . V 29.. Typesetting . (40) Arabic . 30 . VI . 1 .. (1) y ' (2) .. ye .. OS . y ' . 2 . f ' ghayn . f ' ghayn .. l m-m m .. 200% . bale . l m . l m-m m .. 2 m m m m .. XSL Formatter Microsoft WORD .. VI 31. t '. ' l m-m m .. 32 . VII . 1 .. 22 . 1 5000.. = .. 28 28 'alif . /a, i, u/ / , , / 6 . /t, d, s, z, th, dh/ . (41) [16] . 2 .. 28 . 28 .. 'alif maddah . 'alif maq rah . t ' marb ah . hamzah . (1) . (41) d ' ahl 'al- d lughat 'al- d d .. VII 33. (2) (3) .. [1] .. / / /' / 'alif . 'alif maddah.

9 Qur' n .. / / y ' . m s .. ' alif maq rah . y ' .. U+0649 .. ha' /t/ .. t ' marb ah .. hamzah .. 'alif .. /'i/ 'alif .. 'alif .. 28 14 . 34 . , , , , , , , , , , , , , . 14 .. 'al . sal m . al-sal m assal m al- sal m . l m .. 3 .. /a, i, u/ .. / / 'alif . / / 'alif al-ra m n . (42).. 'alif wa lah . ' al /'a/ ' ibn /'/ .. (42) al-ra m n r arra m n . VII 35.. Unicode . nuq ah .. f ilah ! Unicode . al mat al-ta ajjub .. al mat al-istifh m : Unicode . al-nuq at ni .. muzdawj ni . Unicode .. etc et cetera .. ' il ' khirihi [1] .. 4 .. 5 .. ' al wa bi .. ' ahlan wa sahlan al-n l (43).. (43) ann l . 36 . VIII . 1 .. F rs 7000 . 1956 . 6% [1] 80% . Dar.

10 7 642 .. (44) .. [11] . /p, b, t, d, , j, k, g, f, v, s, z, , , x, q, m, n, l, r, y, h, '/ 23 . /a, e, o/ / , , / /ey, ow, ay, y, uy, oy/ . / / / /. /a/ .. kh . x . (44) 200 . VIII 37 . 2 .. 'alef ' . be b . pe p . te t . se s . j m j . e . he hott h . xe x . d l d . z l z . re r . ze z . e . s n s . n . s d s . d d d . t t . z z . 'eyn ' . qeyn q . f f . q f q . k f k . l m l . m m m . n n n . v v v . 38 . he havvez h . ye y . 28 /p, , , g/ 4. 32 (45) .. /'/ , . /t/ , . /s/ , , . /h/ , . /z/ , , , .. 2 , .. sad . he he havvez he hott . /q/.. 4 .. h '/he y '/ye .. ye . ye .. y ' . Unicode ye U+06CC ARABIC. LETTER FARSI YEH .. (45) . VIII 39.