MSU RADIOLOGY ESSENTIAL MRI CHARTS - Whitney Orth

1 MSU RADIOLOGYESSENTIAL MRI CHARTS233 MRI Acronyms7 Arterial to Venous Transition Times8 ceMRA Arrival Times9 Formulas10 Gadolinium Dose Chart12 In & Out-of-Phase TE Values13 Parameter Trade-Offs15 RBW Conversions16 T1 & T2/Inversion Time Values17 TOF Trade-offs18 Abnormal Tissue Contrast19 Normal Tissue Contrast20 Velocity Encoding ValuesTable Of ContentsMRI AcronymsGEPhillipsSequence TypeSiemensToshibaEPIEPIEcho Planar Imaging (EPI)EPIEPIETLEPI FactorNumber of EchosEPI FactorEPI FactorEcho SpacingEcho SpacingTime Between EchosEcho SpacingEcho SpacingGREFFEG radient Echo (GE)

2 GREF ield EchoGRASSFEC oherent Gradient EchoFISPF ield EchoSPGRT1-FFES poiled Gradient EchoFLASHF ield EchoSSFPT2-FFES teady State Free Preces-sionPSIF-FIESTAB alanced FFETrue FISPTrueFISPTrue SSFPFiESTA-C-True FISP Dual ExcitationCISS-Fast GRE Fast SPGRTFEU ltra fast Gradient EchoTurboFLASHFast FE3-D FDRE3-D FSPGR3-D TFEU ltra fast Gradient EchoMPRAGE3D Fast FEFAMETHRIVEV olume Interpolated GREVIBE-IR, MPIR, FastIRIR-TSEI nversion Recovery (IR)IR, TurboIR, TIRIRFLAIRFLAIRLong TauFLAIRFLAIRSTIR STIRS hort Tau IRSTIRSTIR-Real IRTrue IRTrue IR-45 MRI AcronymsMRI AcronymsGEPhillipsSequence TypeSiemensToshibaASSETSENSEP arallel Acquisition Techniquesi PATSPEEDERSENSESENSEI mage-Based AlgorithmmSENSESENSE--K-space Based AlgorithmGrappa-SESESpin Echo (SE)SESEGRASEGRASET urbo Gradient Spin Echo (GRASE)TurboGSE TGSEH ybrid EPIFSE (Fast Spin Echo)TSE (Turbo Spin Echo)Turbo Spin Echo/Fast Spin Echo (TSE/FSE)TSE (Turbo Spin Echo)FSE (Fast Spin Echo)Echo Train Length (ETL)Turbo FactorNumber of EchoesTurbo FactorEcho Train Length (ETL)

3 Single-Shot FSES ingle-Shot TSES ingle-Shot TSE/FSEHASTEFASEEcho SpacingEcho SpacingTime Between EchoesEcho SpacingEcho SpacingFrFSEDRIVETSE/FSE with 90 Flip-Back PulseRESTOREFSE T2 pulseNEXNSAA veragesAveragesNSAR eceive Band-width (kHz)Fat/Water Shift (Pixel)BandwidthBandwidth (Hz/Px)BandwidthSmart Prep- Fluoro -TriggeredBolusTrakContrast Bolus Timing/Flouro-TriggeringCARE BolusVisual PrepGEPhillipsSequence TypeSiemensToshibaTrigger Delay, TDTrigger Delay, TDDelay after R WaveTrigger Delay, TDTrigger Delay, TDGapGap Distance Between SlicesDistance FactorGapFOV (cm)FOV (mm)Field of ViewFOV (mm) FOVAnti-AliasingFrequency OversamplingFrequency OversamplingOversamplingFrequency Wrap SuppressionFlow CompFlow Comp, FlagGradient Moment NullingFlow Comp/GMRFlow Comp1/2 NEX, Fractional NEXHalf ScanHalf Fourier ImagingHalf FourierHalf FourierCardiac Gated/ TriggeringECG TriggeredImage Sync with ECGECG TriggeredCardiac GatedTITII nversion Time (msec)

4 TITIMTCMTCM agnetization Transfer ConstantMTC, MTSSORS-STCW alking SatTravel RestMoving Sat PulseTravel SatBFASTP artial EchoPartial EchoPartial EchoAsymmetric EchoMatchedBandwidthLocalizerPlanScanPat ient OrientationLocalizerLocator67 GEPhillipsSequence TypeSiemensToshibaFat Sat/Chem SatSPIR, SPAIRPrep Pulse - ChemicallyFat SatFat SatSATRESTPrep Pulse - SpatiallyPresatPresatRamped PulseTONER amped RF PulseTONEISCEP artial FOVR ectangular FOVR ectangular FOVFOV Phase/ RectangularRectangular FOVTR, TETR, TERepetition Time, Echo Time (in msec)TR, TETR, TERespiratory TriggeringRespiratory TriggeringRespiratory GatingRespiratory GatingRespiratory GatingFlip AngleFlip AngleRF Pulse in Gradient EchoFlip AngleFlip AngleAcquisition TimeAcquisition TimeScan Measurement TimeAcquisition Time.

5 TAAcquisition TimeViews per SegmentViews per SegmentSegmented K-SpaceLines/SegmentsSegmentsOff Center FOVOff Center FOVS hifting Slices Off CenterOff Center FOVP hase and FrequencyShiftPOMPSIMEXS imultaneous ExcitationSimultaneous ExcitationQuadScanIntersegment DelayTDTime Delay/Block K-SpaceTime DelayTDVariable Band-widthWater Fat ShiftVariable BandwidthOptimized Band-widthMatched Bandwidth-ProsetWater ExcitationWater Excitation-MRI AcronymsArterial to Venous Transition TimesAnatomic RegionTime in SecondsIntracranial5 VesselsUp to 60 sec.**Transition Times based on vessels that are clear of pathology and are lying within normal Arrival Times of Contrast in ceMRAMRI FormulasVesselArrival TimeSuperior Vena Cava0-8 secondsPulmonary Artery6-10 secondsCarotid Artery7-12 secondsAortic Arch9-14 secondsDescending Aorta13-20 secondsFemoral Artery15-20 secondsHepatic Artery19-30 secondsTrifurcation20-30 secondsPalmer Arch20-40 secondsPortal Veins30-45 secondsHepatic Veins40-55 seconds**Arrival times based on normal, pathology-free, of Tissue/Standard Deviation = Signal to Noise RatioPlace a small ROI within the tissue to establish the Mean Value.

6 A large ROI in the background will determine the Standard Con-version (Hz/Px to kHz)(Hz per Pixel/Base Resolution) / 2000 = kHzEXAMPLE: 130 hz/px X 256 (freq.) = 33,33333,333/2000 = kHzIn-Plane Pixel (phase)FOVp/NpFOVp - FOV in the Phase DirectionNP - Number of Phase Encoding StepsIn-Plane Pixel (frequency)FOVf/NfFOVf - FOV in the Frequency DirectionNf - Number of Frequency Encoding StepsSNR Improvement(SNR 1 - SNR 2)/SNR 2 x 100 = % of ImprovementComparison of SNR between two sequences; establish an SNR for each se-quence and plug the values into the above formula. Positive results indicate SNR1>SNR2. Negative results reflect SNR1< Improvement(TG1 - TG2)/TG2 x 100 = % of ImprovementComparison of voltage improvement between two sequences; record the transmit gain (TG) of each sequence and insert the values into the Time CalculationT1 of Tissue X.

7 69 = Inversion TimeTo establish the Inversion Time (TI) of a specific tissue, record its T1 in the formula and multiply by .69. The tissue can then be suppressed with ChartBody based on .2 mL/kg as recommended by vendor inserts (Magnevist, Omniscan and Prohance).1213In and Out of Phase TE ValuesParameter ResolutionTimeTRIncrease-TEIncrease--NEX -NSA-AveragesIncrease-Slice ThicknessIncrease-Phase ResolutionIncreaseFrequency ResolutionIncrease-FOVI ncrease-Receive BandwidthIncrease--^^^^^^^^^VVVVVV1415 Parameter Trade-OffsConditionSNRRBWI ncreaseDecreaseIncreaseDecreaseIncreaseD ecreaseT1--PD--T2--Slice NumberScan Time--SNRR esolution------Flow Artifact--Magnetic Susceptibility----RBW----Chemical Shift----Minimum TE----VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVH ertz per Pixel @ 256kHz @ 256 Hertz per Pixel @ 512kHz @ Conversion(Hertz per Pixel X Base Resolution)

8 / 2000 = kHz1617 TissueT1 @ @ @ @3 .0TT2 @ @ Marrow1013-6991165-804 Cartilage1060-7311219-841 Corpus Callosum-120--108-CFS3000510207034504592 381 Fat259160179298144206 Fluid2850-19673278-2262 Grey Matter921100635105990731 Kidney (cortex)96670667111163767 Kidney (marrow)1320-9111518-1047 Liver5705039365645453 Muscle113050780130045897 Pons-110--99-Spleen1026-7081180-814 White Matter7869054290481624T1, T2 & Inversion Time ValuesTOF Parameter Trade-OffsTemporalResolution of:TRIncreaseFlip AngleIncreaseSlice ThinkIncreaseTEIncreaseFast Moving BloodSlow Moving BloodBackground Tissue--VVVVVVVVVV1819 MRI T1 MRI T2X-Ray & CTEnhancement with GadoliniumInfarctDarkBrightDarkModerateB leedBrightBrightBrightNoTumorDarkBrightD arkYe sMSDarkBrightDarkYes (acute)MRI T1 MRI T2X-Ray & CTDense BoneDarkDarkBrightAirDarkDarkDarkFatBrig htBrightDarkWaterDarkBrightDarkAbnormal Tissue ContrastNormal Tissue Contrast20 VesselVelocity (cm/sec)

9 Middle Cerebral Artery62 12 Anterior Cerebral Artery52 12 Posterior Cerebral Artery42 10 Internal Carotid Siphon54 13 Vertebral Artery36 9 Basilar Artery42 10 Internal Iliac Artery119 21 Common Femoral Artery114 24 Superficial Femoral Artery90 13 Superficial Germal Artery (distal)93 14 Popliteal Artery69 13 Thoracic Aorta100 - 175 Common Carotid Artery80 - 120 Internal Carotid Artery80 - 120 Average Velocity Encoding Values in Phase Contrast Angiography**Velocity Measurements based on normal vascular anatomy