MVCC

1 DC Electrical Circuit AnalysisDC Electrical Circuit AnalysisA Practical ApproachA Practical ApproachJames M. FioreJames M. Fiore 2 DC Electrical Circuit AnalysisDC Electrical Circuit AnalysisA Practical ApproachA Practical Approach by James M. Fiore Version , 03 November 20203 This DC Electrical Circuit Analysis, by James M. Fiore is copyrighted under the terms of a Creative Commons license: This work is freely redistributable for non-commercial use, share-alike with attribution Device data sheets and other product information are copyright by their respective ownersand have been obtained through publicly accessible manufacturer's web by James M. Fiore via dissidents ISBN13: 978-1654515478 For more information or feedback, contact:James Fiore, ProfessorElectrical Engineering TechnologyMohawk Valley Community College1101 Sherman DriveUtica, NY the latest revisions, related titles, and links to low cost print versions, go to: or my mirror sites and Channel: Electronics with Professor FioreCover art, Chapman's Contribution, by the author 4 PrefacePrefaceWelcome to DC Electrical Circuit Analysis, an open educational resource (OER).

2 The goal of this text is to introduce the theory and practical application of analysis of DC electrical circuits. It is offered free of charge under a Creative Commons non-commercial, share-alike with attribution license. For your convenience, along with the free pdf and odt files, print copies are available at a very modest charge. Check my web sites for text is based on the earlier Workbook for DC Electrical Circuits, which it replaces. The original expository text has been greatly expanded and includes many examples along with computer simulations. For the convenience of those who used the Workbook, many of the problem sets are the same, with some re-ordering depending on the chapter. The text begins with coverage of scientific and engineering notation along with the metric system. Also includedis a discussion of the scientific method, the underpinning of our entire system of investigation and technology.

3 From there, basic concepts and quantities are introduced such as charge, current, energy, power and voltage. Subsequent chapters introduce resistance, series circuits, parallel circuits and series-parallel circuits. The text continues with chapters covering network theorems, more advanced techniques such as nodal and mesh analysis,and finally finishes with introductions to capacitors, inductors and magnetic circuits. The companion AC Electrical Circuit Analysis text picks up after this point. Each chapter begins with a set of learning objectives and concludes with practice exercises that are generally divided into four major types: analysis, design, challenge and simulation. Many SPICE-based circuit simulators are available, both free and commercial, that canbe used with this text. The answers to most odd-numbered exercises can be found in the Appendix.

4 A table of standard resistor sizes is also in the Appendix, which is useful for real-world design problems. Finally, the Appendix includes a section reviewing simultaneous equation solutions. If you have any questions regarding this text, or are interested in contributing to the project, do not hesitate to contact me. This text is part of a series of OER titles in the areas of electricity, electronics, audio and computer programming. It includes three other textbooks covering semiconductor devices, operational amplifiers, and embedded programming using the C language with the Arduino platform. There is a text covering AC electrical circuits similar to this one, and also seven laboratory manuals; one for each of the five texts plus individual titlescovering computer programming using the Python language, and the science of sound. The most recent versions of all of my OER texts and manuals may be found at my MVCC web site as well as my mirror site: This text was created using several free and open software applications including Open Office, Dia, SciDAVis, and thanks to the following individuals for their efforts in reviewing and proofreading the DC and AC Electrical Circuit Analysis texts: Glenn Ballard, John Markham, Jo o Nuno Carvalho, Mark Steffka and Jim Those Without and Those Within All we can to run over several instances, and examine carefully the principle, which binds the different thoughts to each other, never stopping till we render the principle as general as possible.

5 David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1748)6 Table of ContentsTable of ContentsChapter 1: Chapter Significant Digits and Scientific and Engineering The Metric The Scientific Critical 26 Chapter 2: Basic Chapter An Atomic Charge and Energy and Power and Energy Cost and Battery Resistance and Instrumentation and 68 Chapter 3: Series Resistive Chapter Conventional Current Flow and Electron The Series Combining Series Ohm's Kirchhoff's Voltage Series Potentiometers and 977 Chapter 4: Parallel Resistive Chapter The Parallel 111 Combining Parallel Kirchhoff's Current Parallel Current Limiting: Fuses and Circuit 128 Chapter 5: Series-Parallel Resistive Chapter Series-Parallel Simplifying Series-Parallel Series-Parallel 157 Chapter 6: Analysis Theorems and Chapter Source Superposition Th venin's Norton's Maximum Power Transfer Delta-Y 199 Chapter 7: Nodal & Mesh Analysis, Dependent Chapter Nodal Analysis.

6 Mesh Dependent 2448 Chapter 8: Chapter Capacitance and Initial and Steady-State Analysis of RC Transient Response of RC 287 Chapter 9: Chapter Inductance and Initial and Steady-State Analysis of RL Initial and Steady-State Analysis of RLC Transient Response of RL 318 Chapter 10: Magnetic Circuits and Chapter Electromagnetic Magnetic 350 AppendicesA: Standard Component : Methods of Solution of Linear Simultaneous : Equation : Answers to Selected Odd-Numbered : Base : Appropriate 1 Chapter Learning Chapter Learning ObjectivesAfter completing this chapter, you should be able to: Describe significant digits and resolution. Express and compute numeric values using scientific and engineering notation. Describe the metric system and detail its advantages.

7 Define the scientific method. Give examples of cognitive biases and logical fallacies that affect critical thinking. Describe the RoHS Introduction Introduction A Little Background and PerspectiveA Little Background and PerspectiveThis text focuses on the analysis of DC (direct current) electrical circuits. It assumes no prior knowledge of electrical quantities, systems or circuit theory. As with any new endeavor, it is important to define the terminology and tools to be used at the outset. We shall be examining the basic electrical quantities, their relationships, proper terminology, and a variety of analysis techniques and theorems that have broad application in the field. In this regard, our analytical tools are the appropriate mathematics and standards, and the scientific method, which are detailed in this chapter. The definition of specific electrical quantities and their relationships begins in Chapter Two.

8 Various analysis techniques and theorems are detailed in subsequent initial research into electricity occurred in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries by individuals such as Alessandro Volta, Andr -Marie Amp re, Michael Faraday and Georg Ohm. This work was expanded later in the nineteenth century by Gustav Kirchhoff, James Clerk Maxwell, L on Charles Th venin and others. The late 1800s and early 1900s saw the practical application of electrical theory to solve practical problems ( ,the field of electrical engineering). Perhaps the two names most associated with this period are Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla. Numerous other individuals made contributions as well, eventually leading to the age of electronics, fully coming into its own by the mid-twentieth century with the introduction of solid state devices such as the bipolar junction transistor.

9 The pace of these developments has been quite rapid. For example, a littleover a century ago the average person did not have ready access to something as simple as a modern flashlight. To put this into perspective, if we were to scale all of human history from the emergence of modern homo sapiens to today into a single year; radio, television, digital computers and all the rest would show up only within the last couple of hours before midnight on the last day of the this point we need to distinguish between electricity and electronics. The term electricity tends to refer to the general relationships between electrical quantities such as voltage and current. In practical use, an electrical system tends to refer to a system where electrical energy is used directly to perform some manner of physical work. Examples include commercial and residential wiring systems for lighting, heating and the like.

10 Electrical power generation and transmission would normally fall into this category, such as the high voltage transmission line seen in Figure In contrast, electronic systems, or simply electronics, tends to refer to systems whereelectrical signals are used to represent, store and/or manipulate some kind of information. This runs the gamut from radio and television to computing devices, cell phones, non-acoustic musical instruments, etc. Some of these applications may be obvious, where the individual interacts directly with the device such as a cell phone or tablet. On the other hand, the human interaction may be minimal such as with the engine management system of a modern car. A good example of a modern device packed with electronics is the DSLR, or Digital Single Lens Reflex camera. These devices include numerous electronic sensors and actuators to adjust to ambient light, for automatic focus, and the like.