N HE Supreme Court of the United States

1 No. 21-954. IN THE. Supreme Court of the United States _____. JOSEPH R. BIDEN, JR., et al., Petitioners, v. STATE OF TEXAS, STATE OF missouri , Respondents. _____. On Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit _____. BRIEF OF INDIANA AND EIGHTEEN. OTHER States AS AMICI CURIAE. IN SUPPORT OF RESPONDENTS. _____. Office of the THEODORE E. ROKITA. Attorney General Attorney General 302 W. Washington St. THOMAS M. FISHER*. Indianapolis, IN 46204 Solicitor General (317) 232-6255 AARON T.

2 CRAFT. Section Chief, Civil Appeals JAMES A. BARTA. Deputy Solicitor General *Counsel of Record JULIA C. PAYNE. MELINDA R. HOLMES. Deputy Attorneys General Counsel for Amici States Additional counsel listed with signature block i QUESTIONS PRESENTED. 1. Whether 8 1225 requires the Depart- ment of Homeland Security (DHS) to return el- igible aliens to a contiguous foreign territory when it would be otherwise unable to meet its mandatory obligation to detain such aliens. 2. Whether the Court of appeals erred by conclud- ing that the Secretary's latest memoranda do not prevent review of the Secretary's initial de- cision to terminate the Migrant Protection Pro- tocols (MPP).

3 Ii TABLE OF CONTENTS. QUESTIONS PRESENTED .. i TABLE OF AUTHORITIES .. iv INTEREST OF THE AMICI States ..1. SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT ..4. ARGUMENT ..6. I. DHS Cannot Avoid Section 1225(b)(2)'s Detention Mandate Through En Masse Parole Under Section 1182(d)(5)(A) ..6. A. The United States has no authority to parole applicants for admission en masse ..7. B. The existence of other programs is not a basis for allowing the United States to parole en masse under Section 1182(d)(5)(A) ..13. II. The United States ' Unlawful Attempt to Implement an En Masse Parole Policy Imposes Significant Costs on III.

4 Even if the United States Could Rescind MPP. Without Violating the INA, Its Approach in This Case Violates the APA ..24. iii A. The APA prohibits the United States from justifying administrative action with post hoc B. The United States ' cavalier litigation tactics in this case show that the October memoranda are nothing more than post hoc justifications for terminating MPP ..26. CONCLUSION ..30. iv TABLE OF AUTHORITIES. CASES. Alabama Ass'n of Realtors v. Dep't of Health & Human Servs., 141 S. Ct. 2485 (2021).. 11, 12.

5 Arizona v. San Francisco, No. 20-1775 ( ) .. 5. Arizona v. United States , 567 387 (2012) .. 1. Bowen v. Am. Hosp. Ass'n, 476 610, 643 (1986) .. 28. Christopher v. SmithKline Beechman Corp., 567 142, 155 (2012) .. 29. Cutter v. Wilkinson, 544 709, 718 (2005).. 28. Dep't of Homeland Sec. v. Regents of Univ. Cal., 140 S. Ct. 1891 (2020).. passim Flores v. Rosen, 984 720 (9th Cir. 2020).. 10. Gundy v. United States , 139 S. Ct. 2116 (2019).. 11. Jennings v. Rodriguez, 138 S. Ct. 830 (2018).. 6, 7. v CASES [CONT'D]. Michigan v.

6 EPA, 576 743 (2015) .. 25. Motor Vehicle Mfrs. Ass'n of , Inc. v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins., 463 29 (1983) .. 25. Nat'l Fed'n Indep. Bus. v. Dep't of Labor, 142 S. Ct. 661 (2022).. 11. Plyler v. Doe, 457 202 (1982).. 17. SEC v. Chenery Corp., 318 80 (1943) .. 25, 28. SEC v. Chenery Corp., 332 194 (1947) .. 26. Texas v. Biden, No. 2:22-cv-14 ( Tex.) .. 15. West Virginia v. EPA, No. 20-1530 ( ) .. 5. Whitman v. Am. Trucking Ass'ns, Inc., 531 457 (2001) .. 12. STATUTES. 5 706 .. 24, 28. 8 1101 et seq.. 2. vi STATUTES [CONT'D].

7 8 1182 .. 4, 6, 7, 14. 8 1225 .. 2, 4, 7. Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-208, 110 Stat. 3009 689 (1996) .. 11, 12. Immigration and Nationality Act, Pub. L. No. 82-414, 66 Stat. 163 (1952) .. 12. Refugee Act of 1980, Pub. L. No. 96-212, 94 Stat. 102 (1980) .. 12. OTHER AUTHORITIES. 8 .. 9, 10, 11. 47 Fed. Reg. 30044 (1982) .. 11. 2020 Annual Report, Ohio Dep't of Rehab. & Corr., tals/0/ODRC%20FY2020%20An- nual%20 Report%202%202%281% .. 20. Addiction Recovery, Ind.

8 Dep't of Correc- tion, recovery/ .. 23. Alex Nowrasteh, Criminal Immigrants in Texas in 2019, Cato Inst. (May 2021), 05 .. 20. vii OTHER AUTHORITIES [CONT'D]. Andrew R. Arthur, Border Disaster Offers Opportunities for Drug Traffickers, Ctr. for Immigr. Studies (Dec. 3, 2021), 18. CBP Officers at South Texas Ports of Entry Post Significant Increases in Fentanyl, Cocaine Seized in FY 2021, Cus- toms & Border Patrol, Press Release (Jan. 5, 2022), newsroom/local-media-release/cbp-offic- ers-south-texas-ports-entry-post-signifi - cant-increases-0.

9 21. Cong. Rsch. Serv., Immigration Parole (Oct. 15, 2020), .. 8, 13. Curtis Florence et al., The Economic Bur- den of Opioid Use Disorder and Fatal Opioid Overdose in the United States , Nat'l Ctr. for Biotechnology Information (Oct. 2020), 22. Executive Office for Immigration Review Adjudication Statistics, Credible Fear and Asylum Process: Fiscal Year (FY). 2008 FY 2019, file/1216991/download .. 16. viii OTHER AUTHORITIES [CONT'D]. Facts About Fentanyl, Drug Enf't Admin., about-fentanyl .. 20. Feijun Luo et al.

10 , State-Level Economic Costs of Opioid Use Disorder and Fatal Opioid Overdose United States , 2017, Ctrs. For Disease Control & Prevention (Apr. 16, 2021), umes/70/wr/ .. 22. Fla. Dep't of Educ., Every Student Succeeds Act, 2019 20 Per-pupil Expenditures . District and State, .. 17, 18. Humanitarian or Significant Public Benefit Parole for Individuals Outside the United States , Citizenship &. Immigr. Servs., humanitarian/humanitarian-or- significant-public-benefit-parole-for- individuals-outside-the- United - States .