NASA Systems Engineering Handbook

1 National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA Systems Engineering SP-2016-6105 Rev2 supersedes SP-2007-6105 Rev 1 dated December, photos: Top left: In this photo, engineers led by researcher Greg Gatlin have sprayed fluorescent oil on a percent scale model of a futuristic hybrid wing body during tests in the 14- by 22-Foot Subsonic Wind Tunnel at NASA s Langley Research Center in Hampton, VA. The oil helps researchers see the flow patterns when air passes over and around the model. (NASA Langley/Preston Martin) Top right: Water impact test of a test version of the Orion spacecraft took place on August 24, 2016, at NASA Langley Research Center (NASA) Bottom left: two test mirror segments are placed onto the support structure that will hold them.

2 (NASA/Chris Gunn) Bottom right: This self-portrait of NASA s Curiosity Mars rover shows the vehicle at the Mojave site, where its drill collected the mission s second taste of Mount Sharp. (NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS)Comments, questions, and suggestions regarding this document can be sent to:Steven R. HirshornChief Engineer, Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD)Office of the Chief EngineerNASA Headquarters, Room 6D37300 E St SWWashington, DC Systems Engineering HANDBOOKT able of ContentsPreface viiiAcknowledgments Introduction Purpose.

3 Scope and Depth .. Fundamentals of Systems Engineering The Common Technical Processes and the SE Engine .. An Overview of the SE Engine by Project Phase .. Example of Using the SE Engine .. Distinctions between Product Verification and Product Validation .. Cost Effectiveness Considerations .. Human Systems Integration (HSI) in the SE Process .. Competency Model for Systems Engineers .. NASA Program/Project Life Cycle Program Formulation .. Program Implementation.

4 Project Pre-Phase A: Concept Studies . Project Phase A: Concept and Technology Development .. Project Phase B: Preliminary Design and Technology Completion .. Project Phase C: Final Design and Fabrication .. Project Phase D: system Assembly, Integration and Test, Launch .. Project Phase E: Operations and Sustainment .. Project Phase F: Closeout .. Funding: The Budget Cycle .. Tailoring and Customization of NPR 7123 .1 Requirements .. Introduction Criteria for Tailoring Tailoring SE NPR Requirements Using the Compliance Matrix Ways to Tailor a SE Requirement Examples of Tailoring and Customization Approvals for Tailoring system Design Processes Stakeholder Expectations Definition.

5 Process Description Stakeholder Expectations Definition Guidance Technical Requirements Definition .. Process Description Technical Requirements Definition Guidance Logical Decomposition .. Process Description Logical Decomposition Guidance Design Solution Definition .. Process Description Design Solution Definition Guidance Product Realization Product Implementation .. Process Description Product Implementation Guidance Product Integration .. Process Description Product Integration Guidance Product Verification.

6 88ivNASA Systems Engineering HANDBOOKT able of Process Description Product Verification Guidance Product Validation .. Process Description Product Validation Guidance Product Transition .. Process Description Product Transition Guidance Crosscutting Technical Management Technical Planning .. 113 Process Description Technical Planning Guidance Requirements Management .. Process Description Requirements Management Guidance Interface Management .. Process Description Interface Management Guidance Technical Risk Management.

7 Risk Management Process Description Risk Management Process Guidance Configuration Management .. Process Description CM Guidance Technical Data Management .. Process Description Technical Data Management Guidance Technical Assessment .. Process Description Technical Assessment Guidance Decision Analysis .. Process Description Decision Analysis Guidance 170 Appendix A Acronyms .. 173 Appendix B Glossary .. 176 Appendix C How to Write a Good Requirement Checklist.

8 197 Appendix D Requirements Verification Matrix .. 201 Appendix E Creating the Validation Plan with a Validation Requirements Matrix .. 203 Appendix F Functional, Timing, and State Analysis 205 Appendix G Technology Assessment/Insertion .. 206 Appendix H Integration Plan Outline .. 214 Appendix I Verification and Validation Plan Outline 216 Appendix J SEMP Content Outline .. 223 Appendix K Technical Plans .. 235 Appendix L Interface Requirements Document Outline .. 236 Appendix M CM Plan Outline.

9 239 Appendix N Guidance on Technical Peer Reviews/Inspections .. 240 Appendix O Reserved .. 241 Appendix P SOW Review Checklist .. 242 Appendix Q Reserved .. 243 Appendix R HSI Plan Content Outline .. 244 Appendix S Concept of Operations Annotated Outline .. 251 Appendix T Systems Engineering in Phase E .. 254 References Cited 260 Bibliography 270vNASA Systems Engineering HANDBOOKT able of FiguresFigure SE in Context of Overall Project Management.

10 5 Figure The Systems Engineering Engine ( N P R 712 3 .1) .. 6 Figure Miniature Version of the Poster-Size NASA Project Life Cycle Process Flow for Flight and Ground Systems Accompanying this Handbook .. 8 Figure Life-Cycle Cost Impacts from Early Phase Decision-Making .. 13 Figure NASA Space Flight Project Life Cycle from NPR 7120 .5E ..18 Figure Notional Space Flight Products Tailoring Process ..36 Figure Interrelationships among the system Design Processes ..44 Figure Stakeholder Expectations Definition Process.