National EnvironmentStrategy

1 National EnvironmentStrategyExecutive Summary for the Council of Economic and DevelopmentAffairsDecember 15,2017 The need for a National Performance Index 2017 rank among180 The situation calls for the development ofa National environment strategy thatsets a comprehensive framework for the implementation of radical solutions toraise the performance of the sector and the protection and sustainability of theenvironmentLack ofenvironmental complianceLimited environmental awareness and widespreadof badpracticesDegradation of the environment (sources of pollution, waste, degradationofvegetation andwildlife)Throughout the past decades, pressures on environment and natural resources experienced tremendous growth (+136% over the past30 years)KSA Population Growth for the Past 30 Years(Million) +135% +224% sectors experienced growth (industry, energy, transportation, )GDP Growth for the Past 30 Years (Constant SARB illion)Ambitions of the National EnvironmentStrategyEnhance the effectiveness of the sector (institutional setting, governance, operating model, regulations, economic sustainability of thesector)

2 Raise environmental compliance across all sectors and reduce pollution and adverse impacts onenvironmentDevelop the natural vegetation and combat desertification Protect wildlife and conserve biologicaldiversityPromote private sector participation to ensure sector sustainability and drive economic growth andinnovationStrengthen the National capability to adapt to climatechangeRaise environmental awareness and enhance the role of NGOs and volunteers Improve the quality and the coverage of meteorologicalservices3 Agenda4 The methodology for developing thestrategy The diagnostic of the currentstate The proposed institutionalframework Environment sector economicrequirements The components of the National EnvironmentStrategy The implementation roadmap of the strategy and the quick wininitiatives NextstepsAgenda5 The methodology for developing thestrategy The diagnostic of the currentstate The proposed institutionalframework Environment sector economicrequirements The components of the National EnvironmentStrategy The implementation roadmap of the strategy and the quick wininitiatives NextstepsMEWA is following an eight-step Approach to develop itsenvironmentalstrategyDevelop a Diagnosticof the Current Situationand DefinetheTargetStateDevelop ProjectPlan andValidate ObjectivesArticulate the National Environmental StrategyDevelop Institutional Setup andKey

3 EnablersforSectorReformsDevelop the Implementation Roadmap and thePerformance Management FrameworkConduct the Baseline AssessmentDerive LessonsLearnedfromBenchmarks&Internation alBestPracticesEngageStakeholders4215673 86 Governance of thestudy25 local and foreign experts in17 fieldsThe Steering Committee, chaired by the Minister of Environment, Water and Agriculture and the membership of 20 members representing all relevantsectors Ministry of Environment,WaterAffairs Saudi Energy EfficiencyCenterandAgriculture General Authorityfor National Committee forthe Ministry of EconomyandMeteorology andEnvironmentalClean DevelopmentMechanismPlanningProtection King Abdullah Universityof Ministry of Energy, Industryand Saudi WildlifeAuthorityScience andTechnologyMineralResources Royal Commission forJubail King Fahd Universityof Ministry ofHealthandYanbuPetroleum andMinerals Ministry ofTransportation Saudi Commission forTourism King SaudUniversity Ministry of Municipal andRuraland NationalHeritage43 The study team consistsof18members The team of the Ministry of Environment.

4 Water and Agriculture consists of 8persons The advisory team consists of10persons Internationalexperts2 The scientific committee consists of 19members Ministry ofEnvironment, King Abdullah UniversityofWater andAgricultureScience andTechnology(Environment,Water, King Fahd UniversityofAgriculture,Planning,Petrole um andMineralsPrivatization andVision King SaudUniversityRealizationOffice) Food andAgriculture Saudi WildlifeAuthorityOrganization General Authorityfor Saudi environmentalexpertsMeteorologyandEnviro nmentalProtection Environmentalstrategies Biodiversity and desertwildlife Marineenvironment Emergency response and oilspills Soil anddesertification Airquality Climatechange Water resources andgroundwater pollutionprotection Solid and hazardouswaste Meteorology Environmental governance and institutionalsetting Privatization and investment intheenvironmentsector Environmental legislation andregulations Environmental and socialeconomics Rehabilitation.

5 Sustainability and recycling Human capital in the environmentsector Technology and information intheenvironmentsector7 Governance Structure of theStudyComprehensive framework of the National EnvironmentStrategyEnablersInstitutional Setting SectorStructure Mandate byEntity Private SectorParticipation Civil SocietyRole International/Regional CooperationEconomic Requirements Sector RevenueStreams Private SectorParticipation EnvironmentalFund Incentives forEconomic SectorsPolicies & Regulations Technical and Economic Regulations (Fees,Violations, Tariff) Licensing Monitoring,Compliance, Enforcement,Penalty Human Capital &Education Technology andSystems Planning, Risk Management, and EmergencyReadiness R&D andInnovation Awareness andBehavior ChangeCapabilitiesPerformance Management ImplementationPlans Measurementsand Verification Monitoring andControlObjectivesSocialWell-Being Protection of VulnerablePopulations Quality ofLife Development ofEcotourismEnvironmentalPresence Participation of Civil SocietyinEnvironmentalProtection Regional and InternationalPresenceEnvironmental Sustainability Resources & EcosystemConservation Sustainable Consumption and Production Rehabilitation of DegradedEcosystems EconomicallySustainableEnvironmentalSect or Sustainable EconomicGrowth

6 PublicPrivatePartnershipinDeliveryofEnvi ronmentalandMeteorologicalServicesEconom icSustainabilityDomainsWaterResources Water Demand & Sources ofPollution Water Availability andQuality Integrated Water ResourcesManagementWasteManagement & ChemicalSafety Waste & Chemicals Sourcesand Infrastructure Integrated Waste Management & Chemicals SafetyInitiativesMeteorology ServiceDemand ServiceSupply ServiceDeliveryAir Quality & ClimateChange Sources of Air Pollution, GHGE missions andDust AmbientAirQuality&CarbonFootprint Mitigation & AdaptationStrategiesMarine & CoastalEcosystems Threats to MarineEnvironment Habitats andSpecies ConservationInitiativesLand &Desertification Threats andOverconsumption State of Desertification andResources Sustainable Land ManagementInitiativesTerrestrialEcosyste ms Threats toBiodiversity Habitats andSpecies ConservationInitiatives8 Stakeholder engagementmethodologyStakeholders were involved throughout the diagnostic and strategy developmentphasesstrategies, regulations, initiatives, environmental standards, environmental reports,etc.

7 Reviewed Reviewed20657advanced country intheDataCollectionPhaseDiscussion and Deliverable ReviewPhase9relevantdocument( , Conductedworkshops to reviewthediagnostic of the currentsituation Heldworkshops to develop thevision,mission and the strategicobjectives Heldinstitutional setting of thesector Conducted two workshops with theSteering Committee to review thedeliverables9workshops to developthe86environment and meteorology sectors and deep-dived in 12 ofthem Conducted 5 workshops to diagnose the current situation Interviewed 80 relevantauthoritiesAgenda10 The methodology for developing thestrategy The diagnostic of the currentstate The proposed institutionalframework Environment sector economicrequirements The components of the National EnvironmentStrategy The implementation roadmap of the strategy and the quick wininitiatives NextstepsDiagnosis of the current situation and its comparison with bestpracticesEnablersWe)

8 Diagnosed the current situation and compared it with international best practices based on theFollowing: TerrestrialEcosystems InstitutionalSetting Marine & CoastalEcosystems Policies andRegulations Land&Desertification EconomicRequirements AirQuality Capabilities ClimateChange PerformanceManagement WaterResources Waste Management &ChemicalSafety MeteorologyDomains11 Benchmarking Comparison to 57 countries out of which 12 wereselectedfor a deepdiveSelected Countries(12)Environmental Performance Withinthe Relevance toKSAS hortlisted Countries1 Global(50)Regional(7)JordanCaliforniaAus traliaTexasUAEUSAUKN etherlandsJapanLargeMaritime Fa adeVastCountriesTerrestrial EcosystemsLand&MeteorologyWater ResourcesAirQuality&ClimateChangeMarine and Coastal EcosystemsWaste&Chemical SafetyClimate AridityComparable Terrestrial EcosystemsAgricultural PracticesClimate Similarityto KSAL arge Oil &Gas IndustryManagement Industrial SectorSizeMunicipalWaste Generation per CapitaComparable Marine and Coastal EcosystemsIntense Marine Desalination FacilitiesCountry AffectedbyDesertification DesertificationandDroughtSimilarity in Land Cover and LandUseRenewable Waterper CapitaTotalAgricultural OutputWildlife Species ProtectionEcosystem

9 Vitality-AgricultureTotal Water Used/ RenewableWater%Wastewater TreatedMSWR ecycling RateProtectedMarine AreasFishStocksEffectivenessin Combatting DesertificationNaturalResource DepletionEPI /AQIP ollutant ConcentrationMSWD iversionRatefromLandfillsQualityandBread thofServicesInternational Treaties for Chemical Safety Involvement ofthePrivateSectorUse ofState of the Art Technology12 AustraliaTexas UAES painAustralia ArizonaM oroccoSwedenAustralGiaermanyUKAustraliaS ingapUAES painoreDiagnostic of the terrestrial ecosystemsdomainWaste Management&ChemicalSafetyMeteorologyTerr estrialEcosystemsMarine&CoastalLand&Dese rtificationAirQualityClimate ChangeWaterResourcesEcosystemsThe terrestrialenvironmentintheKingdom isendowedwitharichbiodiversityencompassi ng79mammalspecies,99 reptilespecies,432bird species, and 3099 invertebratesspeciesNumerous fauna species became extinct 656 flora and 111 fauna species arethreatenedBirds are threatened The Kingdomhosts 432 bird species and is an important birds pathway crossed by about 3 billion migrating birdsannually 12 million birds are hunted each yearin theKingdomSWA deployed numerous effortsto conserve terrestrialecosystems SWA s efforts mainlyfocus around protectedareas KSA is ahead of benchmarks in planning terrestrial protected areas.

10 While it lags behind in designatingthem In terms of managing protected areas, SWA suffers from the lack of human and