NATIONAL SECURITY REVIEW

1 NATIONAL . SECURITY . REVIEW . "Rethinking philippine NATIONAL Interests: Towards Calibrating NATIONAL Policies". NATIONAL DEFENSE COLLEGE OF the philippines . January 2016 - October 2017. Editorial Board RADM ROBERTO Q ESTIOKO AFP (RET), PhD, MNSA. President, NDCP. DIRECTOR ROLANDO G JUNGCO. Executive Vice President DR THERESITA V ATIENZA. Vice President for Academic Affairs & Dean MR ROSTUM J BAUTISTA, MNSA. Chief, Academic Affairs Division PROFESSOR CHARITHIE B JOAQUIN. Chief, Research and Special Studies Division _____. Editorial Staff Clarence Anthony P Dugenia Manmar C Francisco Christian O Vicedo Mico A Galang Arielle Ann Nicole I Lopez Mary Jonah G Vidal Louie John P Purcil Gee Lyn M Basa Managing Editor/Layout Artist Alberto S Faustino, Jr Cover Design Copyright October 2017 by NDCP.

2 This volume of the NATIONAL SECURITY REVIEW is published by the Research and Special Studies Division (RSSD) of the NATIONAL Defense College of the philippines . The pa- pers compiled herein are solely of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views and policies of their affiliated governments and institutions. Comments and suggestions are welcome and may be sent to RSSD, NDCP Camp Gen Emilio Aguinaldo, Quezon City, 1110 Philippines with telephone number +632 9129125 and email address com. NATIONAL DEFENSE COLLEGE OF the philippines . Vision To be the center of excellence in educational and policy development for strategic and dynamic leaders in NATIONAL defense and SECURITY by 2022.

3 Mission To prepare and develop potential NATIONAL SECURITY leaders for high positions of responsibility and command, and undertake strategic research and policy studies to enhance NATIONAL defense and SECURITY (PD 190 s. 1973; PD 452 s. 1974; Admin Code of 1987, DC 2 s. 2007). Functions a. Undertake an academic program and confer the degree of Master in NATIONAL SECURITY Administration (MNSA) or such other appropriate courses upon all its students who have satisfactorily completed the prescribed courses of study;. b. Undertake a research program as basis in the formulation of nation- al defense and SECURITY policies.

4 C. Conduct extension program such as non-degree courses, training, seminar-workshops, policy conferences and other similar fora on NATIONAL defense and SECURITY issues; and, d. Conduct other programs and projects in support of the mission of the Department of NATIONAL Defense (DND) and its bureaus and of- fices and other government agencies. Join the MNSA Program at the NDCP. where admission is an honor . and become one of the country's NATIONAL SECURITY LEADERS. For details: Office of the NDCP President (+632) 9118469;. Registrar (+632) 9121510; Academics Division (+632) 9129117.

5 Research Division (+632) 9129125; Admin Division (+632) 9121412. Visit us @ ISSN 0115-5113. 1. Editorial Note A s a nation-state strategically situated in the heart of the Asia Pacific, the philippines is at the cross-roads of regional SECURITY developments. Amidst the dynamic interplay of traditional and non-traditional SECURITY threats in the region, the philippines faces challenges from within and beyond its borders. Against this backdrop, the astute and pragmatic management of the country's resourcesl becomes imperative. Hence, in addressing the motley SECURITY concerns of which it is confronted, the philippine Government is led to answer the inevitable question of what constitute its NATIONAL interests.

6 As it aspires for sustained growth and development within a volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous regional SECURITY environment, the philippines must therefore identify and define its NATIONAL interests. Indubitably, the specific policies and strategies undertaken by the philippine Government should normatively be hinged upon its NATIONAL interests. Under the new administration of President Rodrigo Roa Duterte, the philippine Government has identified the country's NATIONAL SECURITY interests through the NATIONAL SECURITY Policy (NSP) 2017-2022. The NSP, which underscored the inextricable link between SECURITY and development, identified Public Safety, Law and Order, and Justice; Socio-Political Stability; Economic Solidarity and Sustainable Development; Territorial Integrity; Ecological Balance; Cultural Cohesiveness; Moral and Spiritual Consensus; and International Peace and Cooperation as the NATIONAL SECURITY interests of the philippines .

7 As a guiding framework for the philippine Government and defense establishment, the NSP securitizes comprehensive interests as it mirrors the current political leadership's vision for the country. In charting the ends towards which all government efforts must be directed as well as the ways and means by which these objectives can be realized, President Duterte has provided a preview of how the Government intends to promote philippine NATIONAL interests in a dynamic SECURITY environment. After more than a year under the President Duterte Administration, it is essential to revisit the discourse on philippine NATIONAL interests.

8 As significant political developments redraw the boundaries of SECURITY realities for the 2. Philippines, it is indeed crucial to re-examine not only the specific thrusts of the philippine Government but likewise the higher values it seeks to preserve and promote. In in its attempt to address NATIONAL and regional SECURITY threats, the philippines must therefore remain conscious of the way it regards certain acquired values as NATIONAL interests. After all, as David Baldwin has succinctly defined in his seminal work entitled Concept of SECURITY , SECURITY is the low probability of damage to acquired values.

9 1. In contributing to the NATIONAL policy discourse on defense and SECURITY , the NATIONAL Defense College of the philippines (NDCP). presents the NATIONAL SECURITY REVIEW (NSR) October 2017: Rethinking philippine NATIONAL Interests: Towards Calibrating NATIONAL Policies. Divided into three chapters, the NSR 2017 explores into the following questions: 1) What are the NATIONAL interests of the philippines and how are they framed?; 2) What are some of the key NATIONAL and regional issues influencing philippine NATIONAL interests?;. and 3) How can philippine NATIONAL interests be secured?

10 The first chapter entitled Framing the philippine NATIONAL Interests provides unique discussions on the concepts of nationality and nationalism as well as an analytical explanation of how philippine NATIONAL interests may be framed. Using the concept of re-frame as an analytical tool, Dr Segundo Joaquin E Romero, Jr shares his views on the changing nature of philippine NATIONAL interests in his article How Duterte Is Re-Framing the philippine NATIONAL Interest. Based on a survey of the country's historical and constitutional development since 1946, Dr Romero summarizes the country's essential NATIONAL interests into inclusive SECURITY , inclusive development, and inclusive governance.