National Youth Risk Behaviour Survey 2008

1 1 National Youth Risk Behaviour Survey 2008 KwaZulu-Natal Province17 and 18 February 20112 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTP rinciple Investigator:-Prof SP Reddy (MRC)Co-Investigators:-Dr S James (MRC)-Dr I Funani (MRC)-Dr S Sifunda (MRC)Statisticians:-Mr R Omardien (ARCH Actuarial Consulting)-Mr N Kambaran (ARCH Actuarial Consulting)Funders:-Centre for disease Control (CDC)3 BACKGROUND South Africa is experiencing a multiple burden of disease : South Africa is experiencing a multiple burden of disease : communicable diseases communicable diseases NonNon-- communicable diseasescommunicable diseases Intentional and Unintentional InjuriesIntentional and Unintentional Injuries Traditionally, focus has been mortality: Traditionally, focus has been mortality: Now: shift focus to behaviors and determinantsNow.

2 Shift focus to behaviors and determinants Since 1994, a number of policies were introduced by all Since 1994, a number of policies were introduced by all government departmentsgovernment departments The objectives of this study were developed in the context of The objectives of this study were developed in the context of these policiesthese policies4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY To obtain nationally and provincially To obtain nationally and provincially representative data on the prevalence of representative data on the prevalence of behaviours that place South African behaviours that place South African learners at risklearners at risk Track changes in the prevalence of these Track changes in the prevalence of these behaviours over timebehaviours over time5 DEPARTMENT MANDATE Minister signed NSDA with the President on

3 Vision Minister signed NSDA with the President on vision no. 2 of government no. 2 of government a long and Health life for all a long and Health life for all South AfricanSouth African Minister of health signed with eight other Minister of health signed with eight other Department and 9 MECD epartment and 9 MEC s for Healths for Health PrioritiesPriorities99 Transit from curative to primary preventionTransit from curative to primary prevention99 Primary prevention, educating individuals, Primary prevention, educating individuals, households and communities on benefit of households and communities on benefit of healthy life stylehealthy life style99 Behavior change program primary focusBehavior change program primary focus6 NDOH.

4 Youth and Adolescent Outcome-based Priorities 2010 -14 Increase Life Expectancy amongst Y&A through promotion of healthy life-style and reducing risky behaviours Reduce Y&A Morbidity and Mortality Rate Combat HIV and AIDS and decrease the burden of disease from tuberculosis Improve health services for Youth : Youth Friendly Services (YFS) in all PHC facilities7 METHODOLOGY Study Area: Study Area: All nine provinces in SAAll nine provinces in SA Study Setting: Study Setting: government schoolsgovernment schools Study Population: Study Population: Grade 8 Grade 8--11 learners ( million 11 learners ( million learners) learners) All racial groupsAll racial groups Sampling frame: Sampling frame: NDOE 2007 school data baseNDOE 2007 school data base Average of 2 grade 8 Average of 2 grade 8--11 classes per school 11 classes per school selected at randomselected at random8 METHODOLOGY Study Instrument: Study Instrument: SelfSelf--administered questionnaireadministered questionnaire Sample Selection:Sample Selection:Stratified two stage cluster sampleStratified two stage cluster sampleStratum = Province Stratum = Province Clusters = School (Primary Sampling Unit), ClassClusters = School (Primary Sampling Unit), Class23 Schools selected in each province23 Schools selected in each province9 BEHAVIOURS INVESTIGATEDBEHAVIOURS INVESTIGATED INFECTIOUS disease :INFECTIOUS disease .

5 Sexual Behaviour Sexual Behaviour HygieneHygiene INJURY AND TRAUMAINJURY AND TRAUMA Traffic SafetyTraffic Safety ViolenceViolence CHRONIC disease :CHRONIC disease : Dietary Behaviour Dietary Behaviour Physical InactivityPhysical Inactivity MENTAL HEALTHMENTAL HEALTH Substance UseSubstance Use SuicideSuicide--related behaviourrelated Behaviour ADDITIONALLY:ADDITIONALLY: Height & Weight measures were taken10 SELECTED RESULTS FROM EACH Behaviour STUDIED11 Behaviours related to Infectious DiseaseSEXUAL BEHAVIOURNATIONALNATIONALKZNKZNEver have sex:Ever have sex:37,5%37,5%37,5%37,5%Age at Initiation < 14 years:Age at Initiation < 14 years:12,6%12,6%13,7%13,7%Two or more partners in Lifetime :Two or more partners in Lifetime :41,1%41,1%38,2%38,2%Sex in the past 3 months:Sex in the past 3 months:52,3%52,3%49,8%49,8%Always use condom:Always use condom:30,7%27,3%27,3%Used alcohol before sex:Used alcohol before sex:16,2%16,2%12,5%12,5%Used drugs before sex:Used drugs before sex:14,3%14,3%9,0%9,0%12 SEXUAL Behaviour (CONT)NATIONALNATIONALKZNKZNNo of Methods:No of Methods:17,9%17,9%18,1%18,1%Birth Control Pill:Birth Control Pill:4,7%4,7%5,0%5,0%Condom:Condom:45,1% 45,1%44,2%44,2%Injection:Injection:7,0%7 ,0%3,3%3,3%With DrawlWith Drawl3,3%3,3%3,7%3,7%Morning after pill:Morning after pill:1,4%1,4%1,1%1,1%Some other Methods:Some other Methods:2,6%2,6%2,5%2,5%Have been pregnant and made someone pregnant.

6 Have been pregnant and made someone ,4%19,4%Have a child/children of his/her own:Have a child/children of his/her own:17,7%17,7%18,3%18,3%13 METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION USEDMETHODS OF CONTRACEPTION USEDSEXUAL Behaviour :TOP (CONT)NATIONALNATIONALKZNKZNHad an abortion/or partner had a abortion:Had an abortion/or partner had a abortion:8,2%8,2%6,3%6,3%Hospital/Clinic :Hospital/Clinic:51,2%51,2%46,3%46,3%Tra ditional Doctor / Healer:Traditional Doctor / Healer:20,5%20,5%28,3%28,3%Another Place:Another Place:10,2%10,2%9,5%9,5%DonDon t know where abortion took placet know where abortion took place5,4%5,4%4,8%4,8%Ever had sexual transmitted infection:Ever had sexual transmitted infection:4,4%4,4%5,2%5,2%Treatment for Sexual transmitted infection:Treatment for Sexual transmitted infection:55,0%55,0%73,3%73,3%14 SEXUAL Behaviour (CONT)NATIONALNATIONALKZNKZNT hink they could get HIV in lifeThink they could get HIV in life--time:time:11,7%11,7%12,0%12,0%Able to protect themselves from getting HIV:Able to protect themselves from getting HIV:63,5%63,5%62,9%62,9%Ever received HIV/AIDS education in school:Ever received HIV/AIDS education in school:65,4%65,4%66,8%66,8%Ever had HIV Test:Ever had HIV Test:21,5%21,5%23,7%23,7%15 HYGIENEHYGIENENATIONALNATIONALKZNKZNA lways wash hands before eating:Always wash hands before eating:63,3%63,3%63,2%63,2%Always wash hands after going to toilet.

7 Always wash hands after going to toilet:70,1%70,1%73,0%73,0%1617 Behaviours related to Chronic DiseaseNUTRITION (cont)NUTRITION (cont)18 Measure height, weight, gender and age used to calculate actual Measure height, weight, gender and age used to calculate actual physiological level of malnutritionphysiological level of malnutritionNATIONALNATIONALKZNKZNUNDER NUTRITIONUNDER NUTRITIONU nder weight for ageUnder weight for age8,4%8,4%5,0%5,0%Stunting Stunting height for ageheight for age13,1%13,1%11,7%11,7%Wasting Wasting weight for heightweight for height4,4%4,4%1,9%1,9%OVERWEIGHTOVERWEIG HTO verweightOverweight19,7%19,7%25,5%25,5%O besityObesity5,3%5,3%5,4%5,4%SELFSELF--P ERCEPTION OF NUTRITION LEVELPERCEPTION OF NUTRITION LEVELU nderweightUnderweight24,7%24,7%23,7%23,7 %OverweightOverweight12,1%12,1%13,2%13,2 %NUTRITION (cont)NUTRITION (cont)

8 NATIONALNATIONALKZNKZNFast Food39,2%43,3%Cakes and Biscuit42,6%46,0%Cool drink Frequently50,3%51,0%Often bought at school tuck shop44,6%47,3%19 NUTRITION (cont)NUTRITION (cont)NATIONALKZNMilk44,0%46,4%Maize63,0 %60,9%Meat52,2%56,1%Fresh Fruits58,4%62,6%Uncooked vegetables frequent38,8%44,0%Cooked vegetables frequent50,3%53,9%20 Diet includes frequent consumptionPHYSICAL ACTIVITYPHYSICAL ACTIVITYNATIONALNATIONALKZNKZNP articipated in sufficient vigorous physical Participated in sufficient vigorous physical activity:activity:43,2%43,2%39,6%39,6%Pa rticipated in sufficient moderate physical Participated in sufficient moderate physical activity:activity:29,3%29,3%28,0%28,0%Pa rticipate in insufficient or no physical activity:Participate in insufficient or no physical activity:41,1%41,1%43,6%43,6%Physical education classes on timetable:Physical education classes on timetable:65,6%65,6%55,4%55,4%21 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY (cont)PHYSICAL ACTIVITY (cont)NATIONALNATIONALKZNKZNDid not want to take part in physical activity:Did not want to take part in physical activity:28,8%28,8%29,8%29,8%Reasons for inactivityReasons for inactivity::Was ill:Was ill:17,8%17,8%16,7%16,7%Felt unsafe:Felt unsafe:10,0%10,0%12,2%12,2%No access to equipment:No access to equipment:13,3%13,3%12,5%12,5%DonDon t know the reasons for inactivity:t know the reasons for inactivity.

9 30,1%30,1%28,8%28,8%Watch TV for more than 3 hours per day:Watch TV for more than 3 hours per day:29,3%29,3%29,2%29,2%2223 Behaviours related to Injury and TraumaVIOLENCE IN SCHOOLSVIOLENCE IN SCHOOLS24 NATIONALNATIONALKZNKZNC arried a weapon:Carried a weapon:15,1%15,1%14,1%14,1%Carried a gun:Carried a gun:8,2%8,2%7,7%7,7%Carried a knife:Carried a knife:16,4%16,4%13,7%13,7%Was bullied:Was bullied:36,3%36,3%34,2%34,2%Was involved in physical fight:Was involved in physical fight:31,3%31,3%31,1%31,1%Was injured in the physical fight:Was injured in the physical fight:34,0%34,0%34,4%34,4%Was approached to join gangs:Was approached to join ,7%21,7%Member of the gangs:Member of the gangs:19,4%19,4%21,3%21,3%VIOLENCE /ASSAULT/SAFETY ON VIOLENCE /ASSAULT/SAFETY ON SCHOOL PROPERTYSCHOOL PROPERTY25 NATIONANATIONALLKZNKZNWas assaulted by boyfriend/girlfriend:Was assaulted by boyfriend/girlfriend:15,1%15,1%12,9%Assa ulted boyfriend/girlfriend:Assaulted boyfriend/girlfriend:13,5%13,5%12,2%Was ever forced to have sex:Was ever forced to have sex:10,0%10,0%8,9%Ever forced someone else to have sex:Ever forced someone else to have sex:9,0%9,0%9,2%Carried any weapon at school:Carried any weapon at school:9,0%9,0%8,7%Was threatened / Injured by someone with Was threatened / Injured by someone with weapon:weapon.

10 15,7%15,7%15,3%VIOLENCE AND SAFETY ON THE VIOLENCE AND SAFETY ON THE SCHOOL PROPERTY (CON)SCHOOL PROPERTY (CON)NATIONALNATIONALKZNKZNFelt unsafe on way to and from school:Felt unsafe on way to and from school:22,9%22,9%25,1%25,1%Felt unsafe at school:Felt unsafe at school:27,0%27,0%26,7%26,7%Engaged in physical fight at school:Engaged in physical fight at school:21,0%21,0%20,2%20,2%Watched a fight at school:Watched a fight at school:58,7%58,7%60,2%60,2%Attempted to stop a fight at schoolAttempted to stop a fight at school36,3%38,0%26 TRAFFIC SAFETYTRAFFIC SAFETYNATIONANATIONALLKZNKZNA lways wear a seat belt when driven by someone Always wear a seat belt when driven by someone else:else:15,5%15,5%13,6%13,6%