NATURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TERM 3 …

1 NATURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TERM 3 GRADE 6 TABLET NOTES 1 GM 2017 Introduction 3 NATURAL SCIENCE : The scientific method format 4 TECHNOLOGY : The design process format UNIT 1 Electric Circuits 5 A system for Transferring Energy Activity 1 Electrical Pathways UNIT 2 Circuit Diagrams 6 Circuit Diagrams 7 Circuit Symbols Activity 2 Symbols of electrical components UNIT 3 Conductors 8 Materials conducting electricity 9 Copper as Conductor UNIT 4 Insulators 10 Non-metals as Insulators 11 Plastic as Insulator Activity 4 Topic revision UNIT 5 Using Electrical Circuits 12 Electrical Circuits UNIT 6 Fossil Fuels 13 Formation of Fossil Fuels 14 Coal in South Africa Activity 6 Explain how fossil fuels are made UNIT 7 Cost of Electricity 15 Cost of coal mines 16 Cost of Transport 17 Power Stations 18 Saving Energy Activity 7 Appliances UNIT 8 Illegal Connections 19 Dangers of Illegal Connections Activity 8 Case Studies UNIT 9 Renewable ways to Generate

2 Electricity 20 Non-renewable Energy Sources 21 Renewable Energy Sources 22 Wind Energy 23 Solar Panels 24 Hydro-Electric Power Activity 9 Energy Sources 2 GM 2017 Contents NATURAL SCIENCE : The Scientific Method .. 4 Use this format to follow the scientific method for your experiments .. 4 TECHNOLOGY : The design process .. 5 Use this format to follow the design process for your TECHNOLOGY projects .. 5 Unit 1 - Electric Circuits: Simple Circuits .. 7 Lesson 1 .. 7 Electric Charge .. 7 Electric Current .. 7 A system for transferring energy .. 7 Components of a Simple Circuit .. 8 Source of Energy .. 8 Conducting Material .. 8 Devices .. 8 An Unbroken Pathway of Electricity .. 8 A Broken Pathway of Electricity .. 9 Activity 1: Investigate Electrical Pathways .. 9 Unit 2 Electrical Circuits: Circuit Diagrams .. 10 Lesson 2 .. 10 Circuit Diagram .. 10 Electrical Circuit Symbols.

3 10 Activity 2 .. 12 Unit 3 Electrical Conductors .. 13 Lesson 3 .. 13 Materials that conduct Electricity .. 13 Copper as a Conductor .. 13 Lesson 4 .. 13 Non-metals as Insulators .. 14 Plastic as an Insulator .. 14 Activity 4 .. 15 Topic Revision .. 15 Lesson 5 .. 15 Circuits .. 15 Unit 6 Mains Electricity: Fossil Fuels and Electricity .. 18 Lesson 6 .. 18 3 GM 2017 How Fossil Fuels were formed .. 18 Activity 6 .. 19 Coal in South Africa .. 19 From Coal to Electricity .. 19 Fossil Fuels are non-renewable sources .. 20 Unit 7 Mains Electricity: Cost of Electricity .. 20 Lesson 7 .. 20 The Cost of Coal Mines .. 20 The Cost of Transport .. 20 The Cost of Power 20 The Cost of Pylons, Substations and Wiring .. 21 The Cost of Running Electrical 21 Activity 7 .. 22 Saving Energy .. 22 Solar Water Heaters .. 22 Energy Saving Light-bulbs .. 22 Heat Insulation.

4 23 Energy-saving Hints .. 23 Unit 8 Mains Electricity: Illegal Connections .. 23 Lesson 8 .. 23 Dangers of Illegal Connections .. 24 Activity 8 .. 25 UNIT 9 Mains Electricity: Renewable ways to Generate Electricity .. 25 Lesson 9 .. 25 Non-renewable Energy Sources .. 26 Renewable Energy 26 Wind Energy .. 26 Solar Panels .. 26 Hydro-Electric Power .. 27 Activity 9 .. 27 4 GM 2017 NATURAL SCIENCE : The Scientific Method Use this format to follow the scientific method for your experiments Question to investigate What will my experiment answer? _____ _____ Hypothesis What do I think the results of this experiment will be? _____ _____ Materials What do I need to conduct this experiment ? _____ _____ Method How will I conduct this experiment ? Step 1 _____ Step 2 _____ Step 3 _____ Step 4 _____ Step 5 _____ Results and conclusions What are the results of my experiment ?

5 _____ Was my hypothesis correct? [ ] Yes [ ] No Discussion How can the results of my experiment be used? _____ What other questions does my investigation raise? _____ 5 GM 2017 TECHNOLOGY : The design process Use this format to follow the design process for your TECHNOLOGY projects Investigate What must my product do? _____ _____ Design and plan Specifications: What are the specifications? ( instructions, design brief) Constraints: What are the constraints? ( materials, time, tools) Materials: What materials am I going to use? _____ Equipment: What tools do I have? What tools will I need? _____ Final drawing (What will my product look like?) How am I going to make my product? Step 1_____ Step 2_____ Step 3_____ Evaluate Does my product work properly? [ ] Yes [ ] No Does my product look like my drawing? [ ] Yes [ ] No How can I make my product better?

6 _____ 6 GM 2017 NATURAL Sciences & TECHNOLOGY Grade 6 Term 3 Strand 3 NATURAL Sciences: Energy and Change TECHNOLOGY : Systems and control Electrical Circuits Simple circuit Circuit diagrams Electrical conductors and insulators Conductors Insulators Energy and Change Systems and Control Systems to solve problems Using electrical circuits Electricity Fossil fuels and electricity Cost of electricity Illegal Connections Renewable ways to generate electricity 7 GM 2017 Unit 1 - Electric Circuits: Simple Circuits Lesson 1 Electric Charge We get electricity because all matter has positive and negative particles. The particles have electric charges. Particles with the same charge repel each other. That means that they push away from each other. A particle with a positive charge will repel another particle with a positive charge.

7 Particles with opposite charges will attract each other. That means that they will move closer together. A positive particle will attract a negative particle. Electric Current When electric charges move through a conductor, we have an electrical current. The electric charges come from an energy source such as a battery. When the charges move in a closed loop, we call the path an electric circuit. A system for transferring energy A system is made up of many parts. These parts work together to perform a special function, such as a kettle, heating water. Electricity needs a continuous path to flow. We call this kind of path an electrical circuit. The role of a circuit is to send electricity from the source to the device. The device then changes the electricity (or electrical energy) into useful output energy, such as light. All electrical systems have an input source, a device and an output.

8 A system will not work without these three stages. Example: Batteries = Source Lamp = Device Light bulb = Output Device 8 GM 2017 Components of a Simple Circuit An electrical circuit is always made up of the following components: A source of energy Conducting material Device Source of Energy The source is where the device gets its energy. The source of energy for electrical devices can be the mains electricity or a cell (or many cells, such as a battery). Only when the source is connected to the other parts of the system can the electrical energy be used. Conducting Material Many materials conduct electricity. Most systems use wires as the conducting material. Many different types of wires can be used. Most electrical cables use copper wires. Devices There are many types of different devices that change electrical energy into useful output energy.

9 Output energy can be heat, sound or movement. An Unbroken Pathway of Electricity When you connect all the different components (source, conductor or device) you make a system, which allows electricity to flow throughout it. The electricity flows along a pathway. This pathway is closed. When a pathway is closed we say it is unbroken and complete. We call this pathway a circuit. Vocabulary Source where a thing comes from or starts Device something that changes one type of energy into a different type of energy. Output energy energy after it has gone through a device Components different parts of something 9 GM 2017 A Broken Pathway of Electricity If a completed circuit is connected to an energy source, the electricity will flow continuously. Many things stop or break the flow of electricity through a circuit.

10 A switch is one such thing. It is a very useful component as we can deliberately stop the flow of electricity when it is not needed. When switches are on (closed), they allow the electricity to flow in a circuit. When switches are off (open) they stop the flow of electricity in the circuit. Summary An electric circuit is made up of different circuit components. A battery provides electrical energy to a circuit. Wires connect the circuit components so that the circuit forms a closed loop. Bulbs change electrical energy to light energy. Switches are used to control the flow of electric current in a circuit. Activity 1: Investigate Electrical Pathways Aim In this activity you will make a simple pathway. Hypothesis Write your own hypothesis for this experiment You will need: - A 1,5 V light bulb - A 1,5 V light bulb holder - A 1,5 cell holder - Masking tape - Copper wire 1 Place the light bulb on the holder.