NCCN Guidelines for Patients: Kidney Cancer

1 NCCN. Guidelines . FOR PATIENTS.. 2022. 2021. Kidney Cancer national COMPREHENSIVE Cancer NETWORK. Presented with support from: FOUNDATION. Guiding Treatment. Changing Lives. Available online at . Kidney Cancer It's easy to get lost in the Cancer world Let NCCN Guidelines for Patients . be your guide 9 Step-by-step guides to the Cancer care options likely to have the best results 9 Based on treatment Guidelines used by health care providers worldwide 9 Designed to help you discuss Cancer treatment with your doctors NCCN Guidelines for Patients . Kidney Cancer , 2022 1. Kidney Cancer national Comprehensive Cancer Network . NCCN Guidelines for Patients are developed by the national Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN ). NCCN Clinical Practice NCCN Guidelines NCCN Guidelines in Oncology.

2 For Patients (NCCN Guidelines ). An alliance of leading Developed by doctors from Present information from the Cancer centers across the NCCN Cancer centers using NCCN Guidelines in an easy- United States devoted to the latest research and years to-learn format patient care, research, and of experience education For people with Cancer and For providers of Cancer care those who support them all over the world Cancer centers Explain the Cancer care that are part of NCCN: Expert recommendations for options likely to have the Cancer screening, diagnosis, best results and treatment Free online at Free online at These NCCN Guidelines for Patients are based on the NCCN Guidelines for Kidney Cancer , Version . September 8, 2021. 2021 national Comprehensive Cancer Network, Inc.

3 All rights reserved. NCCN Foundation seeks to support the millions of patients and their families NCCN Guidelines for Patients and illustrations herein may not be reproduced in affected by a Cancer diagnosis by funding and distributing NCCN Guidelines for any form for any purpose without the express written permission of NCCN. No Patients. NCCN Foundation is also committed to advancing Cancer treatment one, including doctors or patients, may use the NCCN Guidelines for Patients for by funding the nation's promising doctors at the center of innovation in Cancer any commercial purpose and may not claim, represent, or imply that the NCCN research. For more details and the full library of patient and caregiver resources, Guidelines for Patients that have been modified in any manner are derived visit from, based on, related to, or arise out of the NCCN Guidelines for Patients.

4 The NCCN Guidelines are a work in progress that may be redefined as often national Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) / NCCN Foundation as new significant data become available. NCCN makes no warranties of any 3025 Chemical Road, Suite 100. kind whatsoever regarding its content, use, or application and disclaims any Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462. responsibility for its application or use in any way. NCCN Guidelines for Patients . Kidney Cancer , 2022 2. Kidney Cancer national COMPREHENSIVE Cancer NETWORK. FOUNDATION. Guiding Treatment. Changing Lives. NCCN Guidelines for Patients are supported by funding from the NCCN Foundation . To make a gift or learn more, please visit or e-mail NCCN Guidelines for Patients . Kidney Cancer , 2022 3.

5 NCCN Guidelines for Patients . Kidney Cancer , 2022 4. Kidney Cancer Contents 6 Kidney Cancer basics 12 Diagnosing Kidney Cancer 21 Kidney Cancer stages 27 Treatment overview 43 Stages 1, 2, and 3. 49 Stage 4 and relapse 57 Hereditary RCC. 64 Making treatment decisions 76 Words to know 81 NCCN Contributors 82 NCCN Cancer Centers 84 Index NCCN Guidelines for Patients . Kidney Cancer , 2022 5. 1. Kidney Cancer basics 7 The kidneys 8 How the kidneys work 9 Kidney Cancer 10 RCC subtypes 11 How Kidney Cancer spreads 11 Key points NCCN Guidelines for Patients . Kidney Cancer , 2022 6. 1 Kidney Cancer basics The kidneys The kidneys are a pair of organs The kidneys are part of the urinary system. found behind the other organs in your The urinary system is a group of organs abdomen.

6 The kidneys make hormones that remove waste from the body in the form and filter blood to remove waste and of urine (or pee). This system includes the extra water from the body. This chapter kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The will discuss the kidneys and provide an kidneys make hormones that help control blood pressure. They also make hormones overview of Kidney Cancer . that tell the body to make more red blood cells. By filtering the blood, the kidneys also control and balance the levels of fluids and chemicals in your body. The kidneys An adrenal gland sits on top of each Kidney . The kidneys are a pair of organs found behind The Kidney and adrenal gland are surrounded the other organs in your abdomen. Each by a layer of fat.

7 Covering the fat is an outer Kidney is about the size of an adult's fist. The layer of fibrous tissue called Gerota's fascia. Kidney is covered by a thin layer of tissue, like Gerota's fascia is important. When Kidney the skin of an apple. This layer of tissue is Cancer grows into and beyond Gerota's fascia called the renal capsule. Renal refers to the it is a sign of advanced Kidney Cancer . Kidney . The kidneys and urinary system The kidneys are the main organs of the urinary system. The ureters, bladder, and urethra hold and transport urine before it is released from the body. NCCN Guidelines for Patients . Kidney Cancer , 2022 7. 1 Kidney Cancer basics How the kidneys work How the kidneys work vena cava takes clean blood back up to the heart.

8 The kidneys perform many jobs to keep your body healthy. The main job of the kidneys Urine flows out of the renal tubules and is to filter blood to remove waste and extra collects in a hollow space in the middle of the water from the body. By filtering the blood, the Kidney called the renal pelvis. Urine leaves kidneys also control and balance the levels of the renal pelvis through a long tube called the fluids and chemicals in your body. ureter. The ureter carries urine to the bladder. The bladder holds urine until it is released from The renal artery carries blood with waste the body, when you urinate (or pee). A shorter into the Kidney . Blood then flows through tube, called the urethra, takes urine from the tiny filtering tubes in the Kidney called renal bladder to outside the body.

9 Tubules. Blood is cleaned as it flows through the renal tubules. The renal tubules take waste Most people have two kidneys. However, each and other substances out of the blood. These Kidney works on its own and does not need the substances are made into urine. other to function. This means that the body can often work well with less than one complete The clean, filtered blood flows out of the Kidney Kidney . Many people live full, healthy lives with through the renal vein. The renal vein merges only one Kidney . with a larger vein called the vena cava. The The kidneys filter blood to remove waste Blood enters the Kidney through the renal artery. Renal tubules remove excess water and other waste from the blood to make urine. Urine drips out of the renal tubules into the renal pelvis, then leaves the Kidney through the ureter.

10 Clean, filtered blood leaves the Kidney through the renal vein. NCCN Guidelines for Patients . Kidney Cancer , 2022 8. 1 Kidney Cancer basics Kidney Cancer Kidney Cancer There are other, less common cancers that can arise in the Kidney . While they can sometimes Cancer is a disease that starts in the cells of be confused with RCC, it is important to note your body. Most Cancer is named after the cell that they are treated differently. from which it formed. Kidney Cancer starts in the tissues of the kidneys. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) TCC. starts in the cells that line the renal pelvis, Almost all Kidney cancers are carcinomas. where the ureters meet the kidneys. Carcinomas are cancers that start in cells that This is also called urothelial carcinomas line the inner or outer surfaces of the body.