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1 CONTENTS. FOREWORD 01. 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 03. 2 OVERVIEW OF THE ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR 11. Installed Power Generation Capacity 11. Dependable Capacity 12. Electricity Generation 12. Issues of Generation Sector 13. Assessment of Generation Capacity Needs 13. Balanced Generation Mix 13. Phased Induction of Generation Capacity 14. Optimum Utilization of Generation Capacity 14. Plant Operation in Accordance of Economic Merit Order 15. Annual Dependable Capacity Tests 15. Directions to System Operator (NPCC) and Power Purchaser (CPPA-G) 15. Criteria for Determining EMO 16.

2 CONTENTS. Procurement of Cheaper Take and Pay' Power at DISCO Level 16. Need of SCADA System 16. Scheduled and Forced Outages 17. Peaking Load Power Plants 17. Separate baskets of CPPA-G and KE 17. Operation of Combined Cycle Power Plants in Open Cycle 18. Shift Towards Renewable Energy 18. Hydropower: Challenge of Capital Intensiveness and Seasonal Variation 18. Non-Firm Supply of RLNG 19. Reimbursement Claims against SNGPL 20. Supply of Low Pressure Gas 20. Liquidated Damages 20. Transmission System of NTDC 21. Loading Position of Power Transformers in NTDC System 21.

3 Outages on Transmission Lines of NTDC 21. Transmission System of K-Electric 22. Loading Position of Power Transformers in K-Electric System 22. Outage on Transmission Lines of K-Electric 22. Issues of Transmission Sector 22. Transmission System Constraints Hampering Optimal Utilization of Power Plants 22. System Breakdown 23. Need for Independent System Operator 24. Transmission Infrastructure between NTDC and K-Electric 24. Need for Integrated Planning 25. Micro/Mini Grid 25. I. Distribution System of DISCOs 26. Fatal Accidents 27. Over-Loading Position of DISCOs Distribution Network 27.

4 Transmission and Distribution Losses of DISCOs 27. Recoveries of Billed Amount in DISCOs System 28. Receivables in DISCOs System 28. TOU Meters 28. Distribution System in K-Electric Area 29. Over-loading Position of K-Electric Distribution Network 29. Transmission and Distribution Losses in K-Electric 29. Recoveries of Billed Amount in K-Electric 29. Issues of Distribution Sector 30. Load-Shedding Despite Available Generation Capacity 30. High T&D Losses 30. Less Recoveries 31. Pending Applications for New Electricity Connections 31. State of Industry Report 2021.

5 Sustainable Sales Growth 31. Over-Loading of Power Transformers, 11 kV Feeders and Distribution 31. Transformers Centralized Control of DISCOs 32. Growing Circular Debt 32. Competitive Trading Bilateral Contract Market 32. Electric Vehicles 33. Cyber Security 33. Key Recommendations 34. 3 PERFORMANCE OF GENERATION SECTOR 35. General 35. Installed Capacity 35. Dependable Capacity 36. Electricity Generation 36. Hydropower Generation 38. Fuel-wise Thermal Power Generation 38. Public Sector GENCOs 39. Nuclear (CHASNUPP-I, II, III, IV & K-2) 40. Independent Power Producers 40.

6 Renewables 40. Others 41. Electricity Generation in K-Electric Basket 41. KE Purchases 41. Generation Licences Expiring in Next 5 Years 41. 4 PERFORMANCE OF TRANSMISSION SECTOR 43. General 43. national Grid company 43. Provincial Grid company 43. II. Special Purpose Transmission Licence 44. Power Balances in NTDC System 44. Under-Utilization of Transmission System of NTDC 45. Over-Loading Position of NTDC's 500 kV and 220 kV Network 45. Transmission and Transformation (T&T) Losses of NTDC 46. Investment Details of NTDC 46. Power Balances in K-Electric System 46.

7 Transmission Network of K-Electric System 47. Loading Position of Power Transformers in K-Electric System 47. NEPRA Performance Standards (Transmission) Rules, 2005 47. national Transmission and despatch company limited 47. K-Electric limited 49. 5 PERFORMANCE OF DISTRIBUTION SECTOR 51. General 51. DISCO's and KE's Infrastructure 52. Sales of DISCOs and KE 53. Transmission and Distribution Losses of DISCOs 54. Recovery Ratios in DISCOs System 54. Receivables of DISCOs 55. Over-Loading Position of Power Transformers, 11 kV Feeders and Distribution 56. CONTENTS.

8 Transformers in DISCOs Pending Connections 57. Number of Fatal Accidents 58. Status of TOU Meters 58. Investment Allowed and Made by DISCOs During Last Five Years 58. Distribution System in K-Electric Area 59. Transmission and Distribution Losses in K-Electric 59. Recovery of Billed Amount in K-Electric System 59. Over-Loading Position of 11 kV Feeders, Power Transformers and Distribution 60. Transformers in K-Electric 6 MONITORING OF THE SECTOR 61. Highlights of Monitoring Activities 61. Annual Performance Reports of Transmission and Distribution Companies 63.

9 Pending Applications for New Connections 63. 7 MAJOR REGULATORY ACTIVITIES 65. Grid Code Revision 65. Litigation Report FY 2020-21 65. Notified Regulations and Amendments in FY 2020-21 66. Licensing 66. Generation Licences Granted During FY 2020-21 66. Modifications Approved in the Existing Generation Licences during FY 2020-21 67. Licence Cancellation during FY 2020-21 67. Net-Metering Licences 67. Provincial Grid company Licence 68. III. Review Petitions against grant of Licence/Modification in Licence 68. Tariff 68. Guidelines for Tariff Determination 68.

10 Tariff Determined during FY 2020-21 69. COD Adjustments during FY 2020-21 69. Adjustments/Indexations in Tariff of Generation Companies in Operations 70. Monthly Adjustments 70. Quarterly Adjustments 70. Annual Adjustments 70. Adjustments in Consumer-end Tariff 70. Consumer Affairs 70. Status of Consumer Complaints 70. Other Highlights/Developments 71. NEPRA Appellate Board 72. Health, Safety and Environment Initiatives 72. Power Safety Code (Second Edition) 72. State of Industry Report 2021. DISCO's Safety Manual 72. HSE Page at NEPRA Webpage 72. NEPRA HSE Data Exchange Portal 73.