NEW UPGRADING TECHNOLOGIES APPLICABLE TO HEAVY …

1 Copyright 2014 by Colyar Consultants This document is intended solely for the use by the designated Colyar Consultants recipient. The contents are privileged, confidential and may be subject to Confidentiality Agreements. Any unauthorized use, copying, review or disclosure is strictly prohibited. NEW UPGRADING TECHNOLOGIES APPLICABLE TO HEAVY OIL AND BITUMEN September 2014 by: James J. Colyar Colyar Consultants Newtown, PA USAC opyright 2014 by Colyar Consultants This document is intended solely for the use the designated Colyar Consultants recipient. The contents are privileged, confidential and may be subject to Confidentiality Agreements.

2 Any unauthorized use, copying, review or disclosure is strictly prohibited without the written consent of Colyar Consultants. 2 Table of Contents List of Abbreviations, Acronyms & Terms iii Executive Summary v Introduction 1 Summary of Existing Commercial Processes 6 TECHNOLOGIES Not Included in Report 14 Discussion for Each Process 15 Partial UPGRADING Processes 1. Aquaconversion Process by PDVSA 18 2. Catalytic Crude UPGRADING (CCU) Process by UOP 26 3. CPJ Process by Wesco Energy Corp. 34 4. EADIEMAC Process by Eadie Oil Inc. 43 5. FTCrude Process by Expander Energy Inc. 49 6. HI-Q Process by MEG Energy 62 7.

3 HTL Process by Ivanhoe Energy Inc. 74 8. H-Oil Process by Axens North America 87 9. IYQ Process by ETX Systems Inc. 96 10. JetShear Process by Fractal Systems Inc. 106 11. PetroBeam Process by PetroBeam, Inc. 115 12. Petrosonic HEAVY Oil Process by Petrosonic Energy Inc. 124 13. Sonocracking Process by SulphCo 137 14. TRU Process by Rival TECHNOLOGIES Inc. 147 Copyright 2014 by Colyar Consultants This document is intended solely for the use the designated Colyar Consultants recipient. The contents are privileged, confidential and may be subject to Confidentiality Agreements.

4 Any unauthorized use, copying, review or disclosure is strictly prohibited without the written consent of Colyar Consultants. 3 15. Value Creation Technology by Value Creation Group 157 16. Viscositor by FluidOil Ltd. 170 17. Wildcatter HCU by Refinery Science 182 18. WRITE Process by the Western Research Institute 189 Full UPGRADING Processes 1. Chattanooga Process by Chattanooga Corp 198 2. GHU Process by Genoil 207 3. Eni Slurry Technology (EST) by Eni 217 4. HCAT Process by Headwaters Technology Innovation 231 5. HRH Process by RIPI (Iran) 239 6.

5 OrCrude Process by CNOOC 250 7. Uniflex Process by UOP 258 8. Veba Combi- Cracking (VCC ) by BP and KBR 271 9. VRSH Process by Chevron 283 Attachments 1. References 292 2. Patents and Patent Applications 328