New Zealand - OECD

1 Government at a Glance 2017 Country Fact fiscal balance is in equilibrium and the primary fiscal balance reaches a surplus in 2015 in New ZealandAfter several years of fiscal consolidation since the advent of the financial crisis, the primary balance which measures government revenues minus expenditures but excluding net interest payments on gov-ernment debt-, improved from of GDP in 2009 to + in 2015 . The structural primary balance, adjusted for the economic cycle, one-off fiscal operations and net interest payments,, resulted to be positive at of potential GDP in 2016, yet projected to be mildly contractionary and decrease to of potential GDP by 2018.

2 Chapter 2. Public finance and economicsGeneral government fiscal balance as a percentage of GDPG eneral government primary balance and net interest spending as a percentage of GDPG eneral government structural primary balance as a percentage of potential GDPNew Zealand continues to employ performance budgeting practicesNew Zealand has a standard performance budgeting framework that is compulsory for line ministries and agencies. As part of this framework all line ministries and agencies are required to set out how performance will be assessed. The government also has a clear set of national outcome 5.

3 Budgeting practices and proceduresFeatures of performance budgeting frameworkUse of performance budgeting practices at the central level of governmentThe rate of avoidable hospitalizations is the third highest among OECD countriesA number of chronic health problems such as diabetes, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be treated in the primary care system to avoid unnecessary and costly hospital use. The rate of avoidable hospital admission for these three diseases is higher in New Zealand than on average across the OECD. Providing consistent point of care over the longer-term, tailoring and co-ordinating care for those with multiple health care needs and supporting the patient in self-education and self-management are among the various policy options implemented in OECD countries to reduce avoidable hospital admissions and increase efficiency in the management of patient 14.

4 Serving citizensNew ZealandFiscal balance*( 2015 )Government expenditures( 2015 )Government gross debt*( 2015 )% of GDP% of GDP% of GDPS ource: OECD National AccountsSource: OECD National AccountsG@G /dataG@G /data26134,50088,70052,700 Middle Managers(D3 positions)Senior Managers(D1 positions)SeniorProfessionalsSecretarial Positions2015 USD PPP150,000300,000450,000231, compensation across central government positions ( 2015 )Government investment( 2015 )How to read the figures:New ZealandCountry value in blue (not represented if not available)Average of OECD countries in redRange of OECD country values in greyPublic Finance and Economics10%20%30%40%50% Zealand20%30%40%50%60% Zealand0%2%4%6%8% Zealand112%100%150%200%250%50%0%Values have been rounded.

5 Refers todata not available% of GDPP ublic EmploymentSource: OECD (2016) Survey on the Composition of the workforce in Central/federal GovernmentsSource: OECD (2016) Survey on the compensation of employees in central / federal and in senior positions ( 2015 )Source: OECD* See Notes National AccountsSource: OECD* SNA definition, see Notes National AccountsPublic Sector Zealand0%20%40%60%80%100% Zealand0%20%40%60%80%100%Women in the civil service .. Source: OECD (2016) Survey on the Composition of the workforce in Central/federal GovernmentsPercentage of central government employees aged 55 years or older( 2015 )General government employmentas % of total employment ( 2015 ) Zealand0%10%20%30%40%50%Source: OECD National Accounts-10%0%-5%+5%+10% ZealandBudgetingWomen in GovernmentExtent of delegationof HRM practicesin line of the useof performanceassessmentsin HR of the useof performancerelated of separateHRM practicesfor seniorcivil indexfrom 0 lowest to 1 ZealandG@G /dataSource.

6 OECD (2016) Strategic Human Resources Management SurveyComposite indicators on HRM practices in central government (2016)Human Resource ManagementComposite indices on regulatory governance for primary laws*(2014)G@G /dataRegulatory governance0%10%20%30%40% ZealandSource: OECD National AccountsGeneral governmentprocurement expenditures( 2015 )% of government expendituresPublic ProcurementSupport for greenpublic procurementSome procuring entities have developed an internal strategy/policyA strategy/policy has been developed at a central levelSupport forSMEsSupport for innovativegoods and servicesA strategy/policy has been rescindedThere has never been a strategy/policy in place11 25 108 24 019 19 06 New ZealandStrategic public procurement - Objectives(2016)Source.

7 OECD (2016) Survey on Public Procurement* See Notes Source: OECD Indicators of Regulatory Policy and Governance (iREG) ZealandComposite indexfrom 0 lowest to 1 highestPerformance budgetingpractices at the central levelof government (2016)Source: OECD (2016) Survey of Performance BudgetingStakeholderengagement indeveloping ImpactAssessment fordeveloping post evaluationof indexfrom 0 lowest to 4 highest01234 New ZealandNotes Fiscal balance as reported in the System of National Accounts (SNA) framework, also referred to as net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) of government, is calculated as total government revenues minus total government expenditures.

8 Regulatory governance indicators: The results for stakeholder engagement and Regulatory Impact Assessment apply exclusively to processes for developing primary laws initiated by the executive. Data is not applicable to the United States, where all primary laws are initiated by Congress. In the majority of countries, most primary laws are initiated by the executive, except for Mexico and Korea, where a higher share of primary laws are initiated by parliament/congress (respectively and 84%). Government gross debt is reported according to the SNA definition, which differs from the definition applied under the Maastricht Treaty.

9 It is defined as all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. All debt instruments are liabilities, but some liabilities such as shares, equity and financial derivatives are not DataDigital Government0%20%40%60%80% ZealandIndividuals using the Internet for sending filled forms via public authorities websitesin the past 12 months (2016)Source: OECD, ICT database; and Eurostat, Information Society databaseOURdata Index:Open, Useful, Reusable Government Data(2017)Composite index: from 0 lowest to 1 highestSource: OECD (2017) Survey on Open Government ZealandDataavailabilityDataaccessibility Governmentsupportto re-useDifferences in income inequality pre and post-taxand government transfers (2013)New and and transfersHigherinequalityLowerinequality Source: OECD Income Distribution Database Limited government powers (2016) ZealandSource.

10 The World Justice ProjectCore Government ResultsSatisfaction and confidence across public services (2016)70%Judicial systemEducation system82%20406080100 Health care67%74%55%69%National government42%57%New ZealandAverageRangePolice77%84%Source: Gallup World Poll% of citizens expressing confidence/satisfactionGovernment at a Glance 2017 Government at a Glance provides readers with a dashboard of key indicators assembled with the goal of contributing to the analysis and international comparison of public sector productivity and performance. Indicators on government revenues, expenditures, and employment are presented, alongside key output and outcome data for education, health and justice.