ngspice user manual

1 ngspice User s ManualVersion 36 plus( ngspice development version)Holger Vogt, Marcel Hendrix, paolo Nenzi, Dietmar WarningFebruary 23, 20222 LocationsThe project and download pages of ngspice may be found atNgspice home page at page at source manual is a work in progress. Some to-dos are listed in More is surelyneeded. You are invited to report bugs, missing items, wrongly described items, badEnglish style, to use this ManualThe manual is a work in progress. It may accompany a specific ngspice release, as manual version 35. If its name contains Version xxplus , it describes theactual code status, found at the date of issue in the Git Source Code Management (SCM)tool.

2 This manual is intended to provide a complete description of ngspice s functionality,features, commands, and procedures. This manual is not a book about learning SPICE usage, however the novice user may find some hints how to start using ngspice . a short introduction how to set up and simulate a small circuit. Chapter32isabout compiling and installing ngspice from a tarball or the actual Git source code, whichyou may find on thengspice web pages. If you are running a specific Linux distribution,you may check if it provides ngspice as part of the package. Some are document is covered by theCreative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC-BY-SA) of chapters 12 and 25-27 are in the public 30 is covered by New BSD ( ).

3 Part INgspice User s Manual3 ContentsI ngspice User s Manual31 Simulation Algorithms.. Analog Simulation.. Device Models for Analog Simulation.. Digital Simulation.. Mixed-Signal Simulation.. Mixed-Level Simulation.. Supported Analyses.. DC Analysis.. AC Small-Signal Analysis.. Transient Analysis.. Pole-Zero Analysis.. Small-Signal Distortion Analysis.. Sensitivity Analysis.. Noise Analysis.. Periodic Steady State Analysis.. Analysis at Different Temperatures.. Introduction.. Controlling the temperature.. Convergence.. Voltage convergence criterion.

4 Current convergence criterion.. Convergence failure..4456 CONTENTS2 Circuit General Structure and Conventions.. Input file structure.. Syntax check.. Circuit elements (device instances).. Some naming conventions.. Dot commands.. Basic lines..TITLE line..END Line.. Comments.. End-of-line comments.. Continuation lines..MODEL Device Models..SUBCKT Subcircuits..SUBCKT Line..ENDS Line.. Subcircuit Calls..GLOBAL..INCLUDE..LIB..PARAM Parametric netlists..param line.. Brace expressions in circuit elements:.. Subcircuit parameters.. Symbol scope.. Syntax of expressions.

5 Reserved words.. A word of caution on the three ngspice expression parsers..FUNC..CSPARAM..TEMP..IF Condition-Controlled Netlist.. Parameters, functions, expressions, and command scripts.. Parameters.. Nonlinear sources.. Control commands, Command scripts..66 CONTENTS73 Circuit Elements and About netlists, device instances, models and model parameters.. General options.. Paralleling devices with multiplier m.. Instance and model parameters.. Model binning.. Initial conditions.. Elementary Devices.. Resistors.. Semiconductor Resistors.. Semiconductor Resistor Model (R).

6 Resistors, dependent on expressions (behavioral resistor).. Resistor with nonlinear r2_cmc model.. Capacitors.. Semiconductor Capacitors.. Semiconductor Capacitor Model (C).. Capacitors, dependent on expressions (behavioral capacitor).. Inductors.. Inductor model.. Coupled (Mutual) Inductors.. Inductors, dependent on expressions (behavioral inductor).. Capacitor or inductor with initial conditions.. Switches.. Switch Model (SW/CSW)..894 Voltage and Current Independent Sources for Voltage or Current.. Pulse.. Sinusoidal.. Exponential.. Piece-Wise Linear.. Single-Frequency FM.

7 Amplitude modulated source (AM).. Transient noise source.. Random voltage source.. External voltage or current input.. Arbitrary Phase Sources.. Linear Dependent Sources.. Gxxxx: Linear Voltage-Controlled Current Sources (VCCS).. Exxxx: Linear Voltage-Controlled Voltage Sources (VCVS).. Fxxxx: Linear Current-Controlled Current Sources (CCCS).. Hxxxx: Linear Current-Controlled Voltage Sources (CCVS).. Polynomial Source Compatibility..1005 Non-linear Dependent Sources (Behavioral Sources) Bxxxx: Nonlinear dependent source (ASRC).. Syntax and usage.. Special B-Source Variables time, temper, hertz.

8 Par( expression ).. Piecewise Linear Function: pwl.. Exxxx: non-linear voltage source.. VOL.. VALUE.. TABLE.. POLY.. LAPLACE.. Gxxxx: non-linear current source.. CUR.. VALUE.. TABLE.. POLY.. LAPLACE.. Example.. Debugging a behavioral source.. POLY Sources.. E voltage source, G current source.. F voltage source, H current source..114 CONTENTS96 Transmission Lossless Transmission Lines.. Lossy Transmission Lines.. Lossy Transmission Line Model (LTRA).. Uniform Distributed RC Lines.. Uniform Distributed RC Model (URC).. KSPICE Lossy Transmission Lines.

9 Single Lossy Transmission Line (TXL).. Coupled Multiconductor Line (CPL)..1227 Junction Diodes.. Diode Model (D).. Diode Equations..1288 Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs).. BJT Models (NPN/PNP).. Gummel-Poon Models.. VBIC Model.. MEXTRAM Model.. HICUM level 2 Model.. HICUM level 0 Model..1439 Junction Field-Effect Transistors (JFETs).. JFET Models (NJF/PJF).. Basic model statement.. JFET level 1 model with Parker Skellern modification.. JFET level 2 Parker Skellern model..14810 MESFETs.. MESFET Models (NMF/PMF).. Basic model statements.. Model by Statz.

10 Model by Ytterdal .. hfet1.. hfet2..15310 CONTENTS11 MOSFET devices.. MOSFET models (NMOS/PMOS).. MOS Level 1.. MOS Level 2.. MOS Level 3.. MOS Level 6.. Notes on Level 1-6 models.. MOS Level 9.. BSIM Models.. BSIM1 model (level 4).. BSIM2 model (level 5).. model (levels 8, 49).. model (levels 14, 54).. Model.. Model.. models (levels 10, 58, 55, 56, 57).. model (level 60).. models of the University of Hiroshima.. Power MOSFET model (VDMOS)..16712 Mixed-Mode and Behavioral Modeling with Code Model Element & .MODEL Cards.. Syntax.. Examples.. Search path for file input.