不確かさの入門ガイド - nite.go.jp

1 ASG104 1/34 ASG104 ASG104 2/34 151-0066 TEL FAX E-mail Home page ASG104 3/34 A Beginner's Guide to Uncertainty of Measurement IAJapan "A Beginner's Guide to Uncertainty of Measurement " -Good Measurement Practice Guide No. 11, ISSN 1368-6550 August 1999 Issue 2 with amendments March 2001 Stephanie Bell, Centre for Basic, Thermal and Length Metrology, NPL, UK ASG104 4/34.

2 6 1.. 7 .. 7 .. 7 2.. 7 .. 7 .. 7 (error) (uncertainty) .. 8 .. 8 3. (Basic statistics on set of numbers) .. 9 3 1 .. 9 .. 9 .. 9 .. 10 (Spread) .. 10 .. 11 .. 12 4.. 12 5.. 13 .. 13 .. 14 .. 14 .. 14 .. 15 .. 15 6.. 15 2 .. 16 8 .. 16 7.. 16 .. 166 A .. 17 B .. 17 .. 17 .. 17 .. 18 .. 18 .. 18 .. 19 (coverage factor) k .. 19 8.. 20 9.. 20 .. 20 .. 23 10.. 24 11.. 25 12.. 25 13.

3 25 ASG104 5/34 .. 25 .. 26 .. 26 .. 28 14.. 29 15.. 29 16.. 30 A .. 32 ASG104 6/34 (UKAS, United Kingdom Accreditation Service) M 3003 (EA, European co-operation for Accreditation) EA-4/02 15 (Further reading) UKAS John Hurll NPL Maurice Cox ASG104 7/34 1.

4 2 2 2 counting 2. give or take 2 2 95% 20 1 20 cm 1 cm 95% 19 21 95% 7 ASG104 8/34 (error) (uncertainty)

5 (Tolerance) ASG104 9/34 3. (Basic statistics on set of numbers) 3 1 3 1 2 3 3 1 2 3 3 1 2 3 2 3 3 2 ASG104 10/34 x x

6 1 1 1 1 10 10 170 10 (diminishing returns) 10 20 10 50 20 4 10 (Spread) 16, 19, 18, 16, 17, 19, 20, 15, 17, 1317010 = 17 ASG104 11/34 3 2 1 95% 2 (estimated standard deviation)

7 S 2 2 n 10 16 19 18 16 17 19 20 15 17 13 17 n-1 n = 10 n -1 = 9 s -1 +2 +1 -1 0 +2 +3 -2 0 -41 4 1 1 0 4 9 4 0 161+4+1+1+0+4+9+4+0+169 = 409 = 12/34 1 n (1) x i x n s n-1 13 10 16 4.

8 (Imported) s = s = ni = 1(xi - x)2 (n - 1)ASG104 13/34 2 (alignment) 10 5.

9 2 (Random) (Systematic) ASG104 14/34 2 10 3 2 3 4 10 5 ASG104 15/34 4 5 M 2 (lop-sided, skew)

10 (tolerance) 10 10 accuracy inaccuracy 2 (Accuracy) 6. ASG104 16/34 2 A B 2 A B A B A B 8 1.