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1 Environmental Health Criteria (Boron). ( 201 1998 ). 1.. 10 mg/kg( : 5 mg/kg . 100 mg/kg) mg/1itre . (borax pentahydrate) . (colemanite) (ulexite) . pH . B(OH)3 ( B(OH)4- ). (pKa ) . ; .. (ICP: inductively coupled plasma) . ; .. (kernite) 1994 2,750,000 B2O3. 800,000 .. ( ) . ( ) frit .. / . / / / . 1.. ;.. - . pH .. pH .. speciation .. / .. ; pH . ( ) .. 10 300 mg/kg( 30 mg/kg) .. 360 mg/litre . mg/litre . mg/1itre mg/litre . 90% mg/litre .. 26 382 mg/kg . (emergent vegetation) 57 mg/kg . mg/kg . 4 mg/kg . (bioconcentration factor).

2 80 ng/m3 . 20 ng/m3 .. 2.. g/ mg/ . mg/ g/ . mg/ .. a) ( 95%) .. b) . ( 4 ) .. c) .. d) ( ) .. (NOAEL) .. NOAEL mg /kg . / ( 5%) (LOAEL). 13 mg /kg / ( . ) : a) ( 25 mg /kg /. );. b) . ( 40 mg /kg / );. c) ( 55 mg /kg / ). d) ( 80 mg /kg / ).. 3.. (rate of attrition) (47%) . (7 ) . (descriptive studies) . (secondary sex ratios) (sample) .. (co-variates) . time-to-pregnancy analyses . spectrum .. lifestyle (behavioural factors) .. 8 . 340 mg /litre 18 mg /litre . (protozoa) (Entosiphon) . (Paramecium) 72 (NOECs) EC3 18 mg /litre.

3 (cyanobacteria) (diatoms) . green algae 10 24 mg . /litre - (blue-green algae) 8 EC3 20. mg /litre .. 24 48 EC50 95 1,376 mg /litre . 100-200 mg /litre (Daphnia magna). NOECs 6 10mg /litre . (biocenosis) NOEC . (trophic stage) 28 mg /litre . NOEC ( ) mg . /litre NOECs . 10 300 mg /litre . (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (zebra fish: Brachydanio rerio) 10mg /litre . life stage reconstituted water (Embryonic and early larval stage). (Micropterus salmoides) (Ictalurus punctatus) . (Carassius auratus) 8 . - .. 4. NOECs mg /litre.

4 Mg/litre 3 mg /litre . (LOECs) 1 .73 mg /litre . Massachusetts Wareham . (600 m) NOEC mg /litre .. 1920 .. ( ) .. light-textured .. (Anas platyrhynchos) 30 300 mg /kg . 1,000 mg/kg .. (1 mg/litre) .. mg /litre .. mg . 2-3.. 90% . 100 1,000. 5.. tolerable intake(TI) mg/kg / . TI .. a) TI . b) TI .. c) constituents ( . ) .. d) TI . 6.. a . B . IIIB 5 .. (Cotton & Wilkinson, 1988) CAS RTECS . (NIOSH) HSDB 7440-42-8, ED7350000, 4482 . The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), . National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

5 Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). NIOSH . Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB). (HSDB). CAS .. ( ) disodium tetraborate decahydrate . 1 ? . b .. 10B ( ) 11B ( ) . (Budavari et al., 1989) .. (Lewis, 1992) . 2 . 2 a . 7. (persalts) . (NaBO 2 nH2O).. (70-100o C) . 25-70 o C .. Pka . pH 7 [B(OH) ] pH 10 . B(OH)4- pH 6 . pH 11 (> mol/litre) . B303(OH)4 , B4O5(OH)4 B5O6(OH)4 . (pentahydrate) . pH . (mol boron/litre) .. 4 .. 20o C . 100 parts . parts 8 20 o C . pH pH w/w 18%. w/w . 8.