Nomex® Type 410 - Technical Data Sheet - DuPont

1 DuPont Nomex 410 . Technical data Sheet Nomex 410 is a family of insulation Electrical Properties strength data shown in Table I are based on papers that offer high inherent dielectric The typical electrical property values for multiple sheets. These values are appropriate strength, mechanical toughness, flexibility Nomex 410 are shown in Table I. The AC for applications that employ these materials and resilience. Nomex 410, the original Rapid Rise dielectric strength data in Table I in such configurations. data based on single form of Nomex paper, is widely used in a represent voltage stress levels withstood for sheets of material are available upon request. majority of electrical equipment applications. 10 to 20 seconds at a frequency of 60 Hz. Available in 11 thicknesses ranging from These values differ from long-term strength The geometry of the system has an effect on the mm to mm (2 mil to 30 mil), potential.

2 DuPont recommends that actual impulse strength values of the material. Nomex 410 is used in almost every known continuous stresses in transformers designed The dielectric strength data are typical values electrical Sheet insulation application. with Nomex 410 not exceed 40 V/mil ( and not recommended for design purposes. kV/mm) to help minimize the risk of partial Design values can be supplied upon request. discharges. The full wave impulse dielectric Table I. Typical Electrical Properties of DuPont Nomex 410.. Property Nominal Thickness, mm (mil) Test Method (2) (3) (4) (5) (7) (10) (12) (15) (20) (24) (30). Dielectric Strength AC Rapid rise, V/mil 460 565 525 715 865 845 870 850 810 810 680 ASTM D149 . kV/mm 18 22 21 28 34 33 34 33 32 32 27. Full Wave Impulse, V/mil 1000 1000 900 1400 1400 1600 N/A 1400 1400 N/A 1250 ASTM D3426.

3 KV/mm 39 39 36 55 55 63 N/A 55 55 N/A 49. Dielectric Constant at ASTM D150. 60 Hz Dissipation Factor at ASTM D150. 60 Hz (x 10- ) 4 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7. 1. Using 50-mm (2-in.) electrodes, rapid rise; corresponds with IEC 243-1 subclause , except for electrodes set-up of 50 mm (2 in.). Temperature has a minor effect on Figure 1. effect of Temperature on Electrical Properties of DuPont Nomex 410 mm (10 mil) . dielectric strength and dielectric 130. constant, as shown in Figure 1. 120. Dielectric constant (60 Hz). 110. Percent of Room Temperature Value 100. 90. 80 Dielectric strength 70. 60. 50. 40. 30. 20. 10. 0. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300. Temperature, C. Dielectric constant ASTM D150; Dielectric strength ASTM D149. 1. Variations in frequency up to 104 Hz have Figure 2. Dissipation Factor versus Temperature and Frequency of DuPont Nomex 410.

4 Essentially no effect on the dielectric constant mm (10 mil). of Nomex 410. The effects of temperature and frequency on dissipation factor of dry Nomex . 60 Hz 410 mm (10 mil) paper are shown in Figure 2. The 60 Hz dissipation factors of thinner papers are essentially the same as 2. 10 Hz those for mm (10 mil) at temperatures Dissipation Factor up to 200 C. At higher temperatures and frequencies, the thicker papers have somewhat higher dissipation factors than 3. 10 Hz those shown for mm (10 mil) paper. 4. 10 Hz 0 50 100 150 200 250 300. Temperature, C ASTM D150. Surface and volume resistivities of dry Figure 3. Resistivity versus Temperature of DuPont Nomex 410 mm (10 mil).. Nomex 410 mm (10 mil) paper 19. 10. are shown in Figure 3 as functions of temperature. The corresponding values 10. 18. for other thicknesses of Nomex 410 are 17.

5 10. very similar. Surface Resistivity, ohm/square Volume Resistivity, or 16. 10. 15. 10. Surface resistivity 14. 10. 13. 10. 12. Volume resistivity 10. 11. 10. 10. 10. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300. Temperature, C ASTM D257. The relatively minor effects of Table II. Humidity Effects on Electrical Properties of DuPont Nomex 410 mm (10 mil).. moisture (humidity) on the electrical Property Typical Value Test Method properties of Nomex 410 mm (10 mil) are shown in Table II. Relative Humidity, % Oven Dry 50 96. Dielectric Strength, V/mil 850 845 780 ASTM D149 . kV/mm Dielectric Constant at 60 Hz ASTM D150. at 1 kHz Dissipation Factor at 60 Hz (x 10- ) 6 6 11 ASTM D150. at 1 kHz (x 10- ) 13 14 25. Volume Resistivity, 6 x 1016 2 x 1016 2 x 1014 ASTM D257. 1. Using 50-mm (2-in.) electrodes, rapid rise; corresponds with IEC 60243-1 subclause except for electrode set-up of 50 mm (2 in.)

6 2. Like other organic insulating materials, Nomex Figure 4. Voltage Endurance of Various Insulating Materials Single-Layer DuPont Nomex 410 . paper is gradually eroded under attack by mm (10 mil). partial discharges. Partial discharge intensity 24. is a function of voltage stress, which, in turn, depends almost entirely on design parameters 20. such as spacing between circuit elements, smooth vs. sharp contours, etc. Although corona 16. does not occur during normal operation of Nomex 818 Paper Stress in kV/mm properly designed electrical equipment, any 12. device may be subject to occasional overvoltages Polyester Glass/Mica splittings/Glass that produce brief corona discharges; and (mat/film/mat) (with silicone). 100% epoxy it is important that the insulation not fail 8 impregnation Polyester Film prematurely under these conditions.

7 The voltage Nomex 410 Paper endurance (time to failure under corona attack) 4. of Nomex 410 is superior to other commonly used organic insulations and even compares 0. 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 104. favorably with some inorganic compositions, Time for 5th of 10 Failures (hours). as shown in Figure 4. These data were obtained ASTM D2275 360 Hz This data is provided for comparative purposes only and should not be used as design values. in all cases on single layers of mm (10 mil). materials at room temperature, 50% relative humidity, and 360 Hz frequency. Times to failure at 50 60 Hz are approximately 6 to 7. times as long as indicated. Mechanical Properties The typical mechanical property values for Nomex 410 are shown in Table III. Table III. Typical Mechanical Properties of DuPont Nomex 410.. Property Nominal Thickness, mm (mil) Test Method (2) (3) (4) (5) (7) (10) (12) (15) (20) (24) (30).

8 Typical Thickness, mm ASTM D374 . mil Basis Weight, g/m 41 64 88 115 174 249 310 395 549 692 839 ASTM D646. Density, g/cc Tensile Strength, N/cm MD 43 68 93 141 227 296 380 462 610 728 816 ASTM D828. XD 19 34 49 71 116 161 185 252 374 500 592. Elongation, %. MD 10 12 12 16 20 22 23 22 23 21 21 ASTM D828. XD 7 9 9 13 15 18 18 16 18 16 17. Elmendorf Tear, N. MD N/A N/A TAPPI 414. XD N/A N/A. Initial Tear Strength, N. MD 11 16 24 31 48 69 88 110 158 191 233 ASTM D1004 . XD 6 9 14 17 27 42 55 71 114 153 193. Shrinkage at 300 C, %. MD XD MD = Machine Direction; XD = Cross Direction 1. Method D; using 17 N/cm . 2. D. ata presented for initial tear strength is listed in the direction of the sample per ASTM D1004. The tear is 90 degrees to sample direction; hence, for papers with a higher reported machine direction initial tear strength, the paper will be tougher to tear in the cross direction.

9 3. The effects of high temperatures on tensile Figure 5. effect of Temperature on Mechanical Properties of DuPont Nomex 410 . strength and elongation are illustrated in mm (10 mil). Figure 5. Nomex Sheet structures also retain 140. good mechanical properties at very low 130 Tensile elongation (MD). temperatures. At the boiling point of liquid 120. nitrogen (minus 196 C or 77 K) the tensile 110. Percent of Room Temperature Value strength of Nomex 410 mm (10 mil) 100. paper exceeds its room temperature value 90. by 30% to 60% (depending on direction), 80. while elongation to break is still greater than 70. Tensile strength (MD). 3% (better than most inorganic materials at 60. room temperature). This allows Nomex 410 50. to work well in cryogenic applications. 40. 30. The effects of moisture (humidity) on 20. tensile strength and elongation are shown in 10.

10 Figure 6. Like elongation, the tear strength 0. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300. and toughness of Nomex 410 are also Temperature, C. MD = Machine Direction ASTM D828. improved at higher moisture contents. The dimensions of bone-dry Nomex 410. exposed to 95% relative humidity (RH) Figure 6. effect of Moisture on Mechanical Properties of DuPont Nomex 410 mm (10 mil) . conditions will increase at most 1% in the 140. machine direction and 2% in the cross direction (due to moisture absorption). This 120. Tensile elongation (MD). swelling is largely reversible when the paper 100. Percent of Bone-dry Value is re-dried. The rate of change in dimensions will depend, of course, on paper thickness 80. and configuration ( , individual sheets Tensile strength (MD). versus tightly wound rolls). Variations in 60. environmental humidity will usually produce dimensional changes that will be less than 1%.