Transcription of 第三章河流地貌 - oause.pku.edu.cn
1 3-1 .. 3-2 .. (erosion) (transportation) . (deposition) . Ek=m v2/2. (Ek m- v- . V=C (Rs) Ch zy equation). (v- R- s- C- .. Ek= mC2Rs)/2. V=R2/3s1/2/n (Manning equation, n- . R=A/P( . 1 .. helical flow pattern .. 256 . 251 . 3-4 . 1 3-4 a .. 2 3-4 (b) .. 3 3-4 (c) .. 4 3-4(d) .. 3-4 .. А.И.. (a) . (b) . (c) .. (d) . 2 .. (cavitation, hydraulicking ) (abrasion or corrasion, evorsion( ) corrosion) .. vertical erosion) . (lateral erosion) .. 1 (bed load) .. M=cv6 (or r3=kv6 sixth power law), .. 2 . (hydraulic lift) .. 3 (suspended load) .. Critical tractive force( ):Ft= .. (alluvium) .. cohesive force- gravitational force . (bed) .. (longitudinal profile) .. 350 . 1740 .. 1919.)
2 170 . 2728 .. (baselevel) .. Powell 1875 . W. Penck 1924 .. R. Glozier 1938 .. (local baselevel) .. concave-upward curve) (graded profile) .. Negative feedback .. 1 .. 3-6. a . 3-6 b . 3-6 ..И.. 2 .. 65km .. 770. 2700 . 3km .. 3 .. (water fall) .. 3-7 ..И.. 174 75 99 . 32 90 . 350 . - 305 . 793 6740 / . 19 . 4 .. 5 . 14- 1 1960 9 .. 14-2 . 1700 .. 20.. 3-4 m .. 1 (riffles and pools) .. 3-9 .. 1 .. 2 .. 3 .. 4 .. Gold and diamond 2 (ripples). 3-10 . 30 .. 3-11 .. 90 . 90 . 3 . (potholes) 3-13 .. 3-13 .. a .. b .. (channel pattern). (straight) (meandering) (braided) . (meaders) (braided river) . 1 . = / . = / . = / . = / . L =kQx Q= k,x .. 1 . 2 . 3 .. (neck cutoff) . (oxbow lake).
3 1998 . 3-14 . 98 5 21 .. 98 8 20 .. (incised meanders) .. (intrenched meaders) (ingrown meaders) .. 2 (braided streams).. 1 .. 2 .. 3-16 a . 3 .. 3-16 b . 4 . 3-16 c . 5 .. 3-16 d .. 5 3 14).. floodplain) .. V .. 3-17 a .. 3-17 b . 3-17 .. 1. 3.. 1. 2. 3.. 4.. 5.. 6.. 7.. 8.. 9.. 10.. 3-17 c .. 3-17 d .. Two stages of the inundation of part of the floodplain of the River Oka in the Soviet Union.. 1 (point bar). 3-18 .. 3-18 . 1. 2.. 3. 4.. 2 .. 3-19 .. 3-20(a) . 3-20(b) . 3-20(c) . 3-20(d) .. 1 .. 2 .. 3 .. 4.
