OBPG unit 39–69 FP.qxd 15/08/05 14:21 Page 94 43 don’t ...

1 PAGE 94 MODAL VERBSMust/ have to,mustn t/don t have to431We use mustwhen the speaker thinks it isnecessary or important to do an action:You must go.(= It is important that you go.)We make negatives, questions and shortanswers like this:You mustn t ~ Yes, I use have toto talk about an action that isnecessary because of rules or laws, or becausesomeone obliges us to do it:Doctors sometimes have to workon Sunday.(It is in the rules of their work.)We make negatives, questions and shortanswers with a form ofdo:Teachers don t have to workon to worktoday? ~ No, I don positive sentences we can often use mustandhave towith little difference in meaning,because many things are important bothbecause we think so and because there arerules:You must work hard in order to succeed( to ).

2 4negativeNote the difference in meaning betweenmustn tanddon t have negative sentences we often use mustn ttosay that something is against the rules, oragainst the law:You mustn t smokeon buses.(Smoking isagainst the rules.)In football you mustn t touchthe ball withyour hands.(Touching the ball is againstthe rules.)We use don t have toto say that people arenot obliged to do something:In Britain, people don t have to carryapassport with them.(= People are notobliged to carry one.)Nowadays pupils do not have to learn Latinat school.(= They are not obliged to learn it.)5questionsIn questions we usually use do/does.

3 Haveto(notmust) to ask if something isobligatory or important:DoesMichael have to getup early tomorrow?Dowehave to waithere?Practice AThe Stanton Squash Club has decided that it is important for all club members to dothese things:wear sports shoes and clean clothes have a shower pay before you play finish on timeBut these things are not allowed:disturb other players eat or drink outside the bar take club balls homePuthave to,don t have toormustn tin the gaps. You wear white clothes, but you wear sports shoes. You disturb other players, but you be You finish on time, but you start on You play with club balls, but if you do, you takethem You eat or drink outside the bar, but you buy yourfood in the bar if you don t want You have a shower, and you wear clean t have tomustn thave todon t have toOBPG unit 39 69 15/08/05 14:21 Page 94 Oxford Practice Grammar Basic PHOTOCOPIABLE Oxford University Press 2008 FREE fromGrammarto go!

4 Grammarto go!MODAL VERBS PAGE95 BLook at the signs and complete the sentences with don t have toor mustn t. You go in. You eat half an hour You arrive Small vehicles Drivers of large vehicles cross Students make a Third-year students take the You talk in the You put the books back on the Swimmers pay Swimmers eat or drink by the the words in the box in the gaps. Don t add any other shehave tohasshe hasmustmustn thavedoes sheMark: We ( )to get up early :Why?Mark: have you forgotten? Angela (1)to move to a new flat tomorrow, and Ipromised we would help :(2) have to move out by a particular time?

5 Mark: No, there s no rush. She doesn t (3)leave her old flat before theafternoon, but there are lots of things that (4)to pack, so we(5)get there fairly :Why (6) have to move, by the way?Mark: She said that I (7)tell you because she wants to tell you herself, whenshe sees you t don t have toANTIQUESP lease feel free to come in.(No eating inside.)L I B R A RYNo leave bookson POOLFree swim possible30 minutesbefore the late vehicles of largevehicles, wait forguard before !Please be quiet 4th-year exam in unit 39 69 15/08/05 14:21 Page 95 Oxford Practice Grammar Basic PHOTOCOPIABLE Oxford University Press 2008 FREE fromGrammarto go!

6 Grammarto go!