OECD Economic Surveys: Italy 2011 - Dipartimento …

1 May 2011 OECD Economic SurveysITALY SPECIAL FEATURE: ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: GETTING PRICES AND GOVERNANCE RIGHTMost recent editionsISBN 978-92-64-09282-210 2011 04 1 PISSN 0376-64382011 SUBSCRIPTION (18 ISSUES)ISSN 1995-3283 SUBSCRIPTION BY COUNTRY-:HSTCQE=U^W]WW: Volume 2011 /6 Italy OECD Economic SurveysVolume 2011 /6 May 2011 Please cite this publication as:OECD ( 2011 ), OECD Economic Surveys: Italy 2011 , OECD work is published on the OECD iLibrary, which gathers all OECD books, periodicals and statistical databases. Visit , and do not hesitate to contact us for more Economic SurveysITALY MAY 2011 ItalyAustralia, November 2010 Austria, July 2009 Belgium, July 2009 Brazil, July 2009 Canada, September 2010 Chile, January 2010 China, February 2010 Czech Republic, April 2010 Denmark, November 2009 Estonia, April 2011 Euro area, December 2010 European Union, September 2009 Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, January 2003 Finland, April 2010 France, March 2011 Germany, March 2010 Greece, July 2009 Hungary, February 2010 Iceland, September 2009 India, October 2007 Indonesia, November 2010 Ireland, November 2009 Israel, January 2010 Italy , May 2011 Japan, September 2009 Korea.

2 June 2010 Luxembourg, May 2010 Mexico, July 2009 Netherlands, June 2010 New Zealand, April 2011 Norway, March 2010 Poland, April 2010 Portugal, September 2010 Romania, October 2002 Russian Federation, July 2009 Slovak Republic, November 2010 Slovenia, February 2011 South Africa, July 2010 Spain, December 2010 Sweden, January 2011 Switzerland, December 2009 Turkey, September 2010 Ukraine, September 2007 United Kingdom, March 2011 United States, September 2010 OECD Economic Surveys: Italy 2011 ISBN 978-92-64-09282-2 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-09285-3 (PDF)Series: OECD Economic SurveysISSN 0376-6438 (print)ISSN 1609-7513 (online)OECD Economic Surveys: ItalyISSN 1995-3283 (print)ISSN 1999-0340 (online)The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities.

3 The useof such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israelisettlements in the West Bank under the terms of international credits: Cover to OECD publications may be found on line at: OECD 2011 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases andmultimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitableacknowledgment of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights shouldbe submitted to Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall beaddressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at or the Centre fran ais d exploitation du droit de copie (CFC)at cite this publication as:OECD ( 2011 ), OECD Economic Surveys: Italy 2011 , OECD E O F C O N T E N T SOECD Economic SURVEYS: Italy OECD 20113 Table of contentsExecutive summary.

4 8 Assessment and recommendations.. 11 Chapter the Economic recovery and fiscal sustainability.. 21 The economy has been recovering only slowly .. 25 The labour market represents one of the key structural challenges .. 29 Consolidating the public finances is more than ever necessary .. 31 The effects of past pension reforms on older age groups are beginning to come through .. 41 Current plans on reforming the tax system are subject to important caveats .. 46 Notes.. 50 Bibliography.. 50 Annex stock of structural reforms .. 51 Chapter the contribution of universities to Economic growth .. 55 The Italian higher education system could perform better .. 56 The underperformance of tertiary education hampers the labour market.

5 57 Making the best of limited financial resources .. 64 Granting universities more autonomy, while holding them accountable .. 69 Rethinking the balance between private and public funding to higher education. 76 Spreading innovation into the economy .. 80 Notes.. 86 Bibliography .. 87 Chapter policy: getting prices and governance right .. 91 The framework: integrating Economic and environmental policy .. 92 The energy sector .. 95 The transport sector.. 104 Waste .. 110 Water supply and pricing .. 116 Notes.. 119 Bibliography.. and structural reform in Italy .. current pension system and the associated reforms .. of recommendations to strengthen the Economic recovery and fiscal sustainability.

6 49 TABLE OF CONTENTSOECD Economic SURVEYS: Italy OECD and weaknesses of various tertiary institutions governance models .. Legislation on universities and research.. procedures in Italian universities.. funding of universities .. of the main policy recommendations on tertiary education .. subsidise electricity from renewables? .. and the development of renewable energy in Italy .. slows the introduction of energy efficiency innovations? .. on energy efficiency .. there environmental benefits from subsidising the purchase of new vehicles? .. in Milan: the first urban road pricing experiment in Italy .. for transport.

7 In Campania .. on waste .. use of result-oriented devices to improve the quality of services in waste and water management: regional policies in the southern regions .. on water .. Summary of OECD projections from EO88 .. Government projections of general government expenditures and revenues (% of GDP) .. No Italian universities are placed in the top 100 according to two world university ranking systems .. Italian students graduate very late .. Italian Technology Transfer Office activity is relatively low .. Italy GHG abatement costs .. Urban waste generation, 1998-2008 .. impact of the global crisis on real GDP in Italy .

8 The impact of the global crisis on real GDP in international comparison .. levels.. GDP and exports in volume .. productivity per worker in the six largest G7 countries .. and the Cassa Integrazione .. government gross financial liabilities .. net borrowing .. balances in 2009 or latest year available .. interest rates on government bonds .. default swap premium on government bonds .. public debt as a percentage of GDP, 2009 .. life of government bonds and government bonds reaching maturity in the next 12 months.. and private debt in euro, 2008 .. 38 TABL E O F C O N T E N T SOECD Economic SURVEYS: Italy OECD pension expenditure in all OECD countries.

9 Ratio .. ratio under current legislation.. expenditure-GDP ratio .. is gradually catching-up on the share of the population with tertiary education .. wage premia due to tertiary education are low, 2001 .. human capital does not meet the economy s demand .. researchers, with a majority of them working in the public sector .. scientific publication is substantial .. universities share of patenting activity.. some respects, Italy s innovation performance lags by international comparison .. completion rates are very low .. increases the cost of education .. Italian tertiary education system has little autonomy and flexibility .. support to tertiary students is low in Italy .

10 Cooperation between firms and universities .. and development financing in OECD countries, 2007 .. s energy intensity is one of the lowest in the OECD .. with EU27, Italy has become less energy efficient in the last decade . share of road transport in total freight .. related emissions in Italy .. transport related taxes in Italy .. rates on fuels vary across sectors .. generation and pay as you throw .. : distribution losses.. 1175 IJT CPPL IBT StatLinks2" TFSWJDF UIBU EFMJWFST &YDFM mMFT GSPN UIF QSJOUFE QBHF -PPL GPS UIF 4 UBU-JOLT BU UIF CPUUPN SJHIU IBOE DPSOFS PG UIF UBCMFT PS HSBQIT JO UIJT CPPL 5P EPXOMPBE UIF NBUDIJOH &YDFM TQSFBETIFFU KVTU UZQF UIF MJOL JOUP ZPVS *OUFSOFU CSPXTFS TUBSUJOH XJUI UIF IUUQ EY EPJ PSH QSF Y *G ZPV SF SFBEJOH UIF 1%' F CPPL FEJUJPO BOE ZPVS 1$ JT DPOOFDUFE UP UIF *OUFSOFU TJNQMZ DMJDL PO UIF MJOL.