On-Board Diagnostics II (OBDII)

1 On-Board Diagnostics II (OBDII). and Light-Duty Vehicle Emission Related Inspection and Maintenance (I/M). Programs April 2004 . Transportation Systems Branch Environment Canada On-Board Diagnostics II (OBDII). and Light-Duty Vehicle Emission Related Inspection and Maintenance (I/M). Programs April 2004 . Prepared by: D. Cope Enterprises For: Environment Canada Scientific Authority: Carol Burelle Transportation Systems Branch Environment Canada 10th Floor, 351 St-Joseph Blvd. Hull, Quebec, K1A 0H3. Disclaimer This report has had a limited technical review by Environment Canada. Its content does not necessarily reflect the views and policies of Environment Canada. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement for use.

2 Any questions or requests for additional information should be directed to: Carol Burelle Transportation Systems Branch Environment Canada 10th Floor, 351 St-Joseph Blvd. Hull, Quebec, K1A 0H3. Disclaimer This report contains information which has been prepared for, but not approved by, the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). CCME is committed to reflect the highest standards of research and analysis in its publications. Since CCME itself does not conduct research or author reports, it is not responsible for the accuracy of the data contained in this report and does not warrant, or necessarily share or affirm, in any way, any opinions expressed therein. OBD II and LDV I/M Programs April 2004 . Prepared by D. Cope Enterprises Acknowledgements Doug Cope &.

3 D. Cope Enterprises wish to acknowledge, with kind thanks, the information supplied by C. Burelle of Environment Canada M. Lay D. Gourley S. Stewart of AirCare M. McCarthy of The California Air Resources Board E. Gardetto of The United States Environmental Protection Agency Along with Numerous Internet sources plus Information supplied by Provincial, State and Municipal contacts that proved invaluable in the preparation of this report. OBD II and LDV I/M Programs April 2004 . Prepared by D. Cope Enterprises Glossary of Terms acceleration simulation mode (ASM) - a dynamometer-based steady-state loaded mode emissions test that simulates acceleration. add-on - equipment or systems fitted to an engine or vehicle after manufacture and not as per original design or specification administration - government agency or person(s) in charge of or directly responsible for an HDV I/M program aftermarket - vehicle parts and equipment from companies that do not necessarily supply the parts and equipment installed on the assembly line by vehicle manufacturers.

4 These parts may replace original equipment or enhance performance beyond original equipment specifications. AirCare - the I/M program in British Columbia all-wheel drive or AWD - vehicle designed to operate only in four-wheel drive mode catalytic converter - a catalytic converter usually comprises a metal housing filled with a hard material which is covered with a catalytic compound. centralized I/M program and centralized test-only I/M program - a program in which vehicle inspections are performed in a limited number of facilities. These facilities are usually operated by or under contract to state or provincial governments. These facilities are usually 'test-only' and the only function of these centralized I/M stations is the vehicle inspection or test.

5 Ownership and operation of these facilities are separate from and not affiliated with the repair industry. chassis-dynamometer - a set of driven rollers that simulate road operation clean-piping - the practice of using the emission test readings from a 'clean'. vehicle in place of those of a 'dirty' vehicle clean-scanning - the practice of using the OBD test scan readings from a vehicle with no OBD fault codes set in place of those of a vehicle that has OBD fault codes set. clean-screening - vehicles that do not have excess emissions are tested and passed with no additional test requirements. Tests are usually conducted remotely with no physical contact to the vehicle. comprehensive components - in the CARB OBD II regulation (section for 2004 and subsequent model years), section (e)(16) comprehensive components are described as any electronic input or output powertrain component that: (a) is used for any other OBD II.

6 Monitor; or (b) (when malfunctioning) can cause a measurable increase in tailpipe emissions during any reasonable driving condition. The components typically monitored under these provisions include: cam sensor, crank sensor, IAT sensor, MAP sensor, MAF sensor, A/T shift solenoids, A/T input speed, A/T output speed, A/T torque converter clutch solenoid, A/T oil temp sensor, idle speed control valve, glow plugs, TPS, baro sensor, and vehicle speed sensor. OBD II and LDV I/M Programs April 2004 i Prepared by D. Cope Enterprises Glossary of Terms (continued). contractor-run - a system run under contract to a government agency cutpoints - chosen emission level at which a vehicle passes or fails a test or inspection Diagnostics - a test run on a system or component to determine it is operating according to specifications.

7 Diagnostic trouble code - an alphanumeric code that is set in a vehicle's On-Board computer when a monitor detects a condition likely to lead to (or has already produced) a component or system failure, or otherwise contribute to emissions exceeding standards by times the certification standard. decentralized I/M program - a program where local garages act as I/M stations decentralized test-and-repair I/M - a program where I/M stations perform both inspections and repairs at the same location at local garage I/M stations decentralized test-only I/M program - a program where the only function of the I/M stations is the vehicle inspection or test Drive Clean - the I/M program in Ontario dynamometer - see chassis or engine dynamometer dynamometer - steady-state - a dynamometer that does not have the capability of simulating vehicle inertia weight beyond the basic inertia value of the rollers and flywheel.

8 Instead, a power absorber is able to apply fixed resisting torques as specified for set or given speeds. dynamometer - transient - a dynamometer with the capability of simulating the forces that act on a vehicle in normal operation on the road. This includes simulation of inertia weight and aerodynamic drag forces proportional to speed. enable criteria - conditions necessary for a given diagnostic test to run. Each test has a certain number of conditions that need to be met before it is executed. evaporative emissions - emissions resulting from the evaporation of fuel excess emissions - emissions greater than a HDV engine's federal certification (FTP) standards Federal Test Procedure (FTP) - procedures for testing HDV engines to the federal emissions standards fuel trim - engine computer function that keeps the air/fuel mixture as close to the ideal :1 stoichiometric ratio as possible government-run - an I/M program where inspections are performed by government employees grams/mile or grams/kilometre - a mass measurement of contaminants greenhouse gases (GHGs) - gases in the atmosphere that contribute to the greenhouse'.

9 Effect. GHGs inventoried by Environment Canada that are not covered by the Montreal Protocol include: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride, perfluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons gross emitters - in general the term refers to emissions well in excess of federal standards or manufacturer specifications. However, this term is subjective and is not used in this text OBD II and LDV I/M Programs April 2004 ii Prepared by D. Cope Enterprises Glossary of Terms (continued). Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) - the maximum total weight that a vehicle is licensed to carry. It includes the tare or empty weight plus the payload weight and may be less than or equal to the GVWR. Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) - the gross vehicle weight rating specified by a manufacturer as the maximum design loaded weight of a single vehicle Heavy-Duty Vehicle (HDV) - for Canadian Federal Emissions Standards: on-road vehicles, both trucks and buses, with a GVWR > kg ( 6000 lbs.)

10 To 1987 model year inclusive and > kg ( 8500 lbs.) for the 1988 model year and newer Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle (HDDV) - an HDV that uses diesel fuel Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicle (HDGV) - an HDV that uses gasoline fuel IM240 - a dynamometer-based transient emissions test that approximates the first 240 seconds of the FTP. I/M or Inspection and Maintenance - a program for the inspection and repair of in-use vehicles. I/M ready status - a signal flag for each emissions system test that has been set in the ECU. idle - the vehicle is stationary with the engine running and with no external load applied. idle emissions test - an emissions test conducted with the engine operating at idle. inspection - the examination of a vehicle in an I/M program.