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OPERATION COSTS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS

WEB BASED TRAINING 2005 OPERATION COSTS OF WASTEWATERTREATMENT PLANTSA uthor:Arnd WendlandAhrensburg, Germany(Employee of Hamburg Public Sewage Company, HSE)KeywordsOperation COSTS , Personnel, Maintenance, Maintenance Strategy, Energy, EnergyAnalysis, Chemicals & Materials, DisposalWEB BASED TRAINING 200510%3%4%6%14%20%26%17%MaintenancePoll ution ChargeDisposalEnergy & MaterialPersonnelIn t e r e s tDepreciationMiscellaneous- OPERATION COSTS are the expenses related to the OPERATION , maintenance and monitoring of the plant- OPERATION COSTS can amount up to 50 % of the total annual The evaluation of OPERATION COSTS during the evaluation of of process alternatives is of of totalannual COSTS forwastewater systemsin Germany[ATV, 2003] OPERATION COSTS in Relation to Total Annual CostsWEB BASED TRAINING 200500,30,60,9 Primary TREATMENT onlyActivated sludgeTrickling filtersRotating biological contactorsChemical treatmentStabilisation pondsAquatic plant systemsWetland systemsLand infiltration systemsOverland flow systemsO&M COSTS estimationEnergyO&M minus energyLow costMedium costHigh cost- Size and load of the plant- Topography and geographicalsituation of the site (affectingpumping energy COSTS )- Characteristics of wastewaterand the discharge norm- Technologies and the selectedtreatment process- Type of sludge TREATMENT andway of disposal- Energy supply and energyrecycling- Degree of automati

Sludge Dewatering Digestion Energy The costs for energy usually amount up to 10 – 30 % of the total operation costs. ... source abatement of possibly hazardous substances is successful. Landspreading of semi-solid and landspreading of solid sludge entail on …

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  Wastewater, Treatment, Hazardous, Dewatering, Wastewater treatment

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Transcription of OPERATION COSTS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS

1 WEB BASED TRAINING 2005 OPERATION COSTS OF WASTEWATERTREATMENT PLANTSA uthor:Arnd WendlandAhrensburg, Germany(Employee of Hamburg Public Sewage Company, HSE)KeywordsOperation COSTS , Personnel, Maintenance, Maintenance Strategy, Energy, EnergyAnalysis, Chemicals & Materials, DisposalWEB BASED TRAINING 200510%3%4%6%14%20%26%17%MaintenancePoll ution ChargeDisposalEnergy & MaterialPersonnelIn t e r e s tDepreciationMiscellaneous- OPERATION COSTS are the expenses related to the OPERATION , maintenance and monitoring of the plant- OPERATION COSTS can amount up to 50 % of the total annual The evaluation of OPERATION COSTS during the evaluation of of process alternatives is of of totalannual COSTS forwastewater systemsin Germany[ATV, 2003] OPERATION COSTS in Relation to Total Annual CostsWEB BASED TRAINING 200500,30,60,9 Primary TREATMENT onlyActivated sludgeTrickling filtersRotating biological contactorsChemical treatmentStabilisation pondsAquatic plant systemsWetland systemsLand infiltration systemsOverland flow systemsO&M COSTS estimationEnergyO&M minus energyLow costMedium costHigh cost- Size and load of the plant- Topography and geographicalsituation of the site (affectingpumping energy COSTS )

2 - Characteristics of wastewaterand the discharge norm- Technologies and the selectedtreatment process- Type of sludge TREATMENT andway of disposal- Energy supply and energyrecycling- Degree of automation,measurement and processcontrol- Organization of the plant and itsmanagementFactors affecting OPERATION CostsComparison of OPERATION COSTS O&M for differenttypes of secondary TREATMENT options [Kampet, 2000]WEB BASED TRAINING 2005 The major parameters that influence the number of operational staff employed are:- the size of installation,- the TREATMENT processes and systems,- the degree of automation,- productivity efficiency of personnel,- managerial efficiency and- COSTS subject to the TREATMENT capacity of WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS [Reicherter, 2003].< 40 % of total % of total OPERATION COSTS > % of total OPERATION costsWEB BASED TRAINING 2005 The COSTS for maintenance of WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS usually amount up to 15 25 % ofthe total OPERATION % of investment COSTS per yearRenovations of Civil % of investment COSTS per yearMechanical % of investment COSTS per yearElectrical and Electronical % of investment COSTS per yearMaintenanceCosts and maintenance seenas a whole; the optimum isachieved from the bestrelationship between costsand availability [M ller, 2003]WEB BASED TRAINING 20051%6%1%73%8%3%2%6%ScreensAerated Sand TrapsPreliminary SedimentationAeration TanksSecondary SedimentationThic kenerSludge Dew ateringDiges tionEnergyThe COSTS for energy usually amount up to 10 30 % of the total OPERATION Pumping Stations10 15 Wh /m - kWh / ( &.)

3 A)- Aerated Sand Traps kWh / ( &.a)- Prel. kWh / ( &.a)- Aeration kWh / ( &.a)- Sec. kWh / ( &.a)- kWh / ( &.a)- Sludge kWh / ( &.a)- kWh / ( &.a)Composition of energy demand fordifferent process components ofwastewater TREATMENT PLANTS [Bohn, 1993]WEB BASED TRAINING 2005 The COSTS for disposal consist of the disposal of sewage sludge, screenings, sand and municipalwaste. The disposal COSTS can differ between 15 and 50 % of the total OPERATION , disposal COSTS depend to a large degree on- the size of the TREATMENT plant,- national regulations for the disposal of organic materials like sewage sludge,- local conditions and market price conditions experience with sludge disposal in different European countries (S, DK, G, F, CH) can besummarized as follows:- For the very large number of small TREATMENT PLANTS ( < PE) landspreading / agriculturaluse of sewage sludge seems to be the most economical and sustainable solutions as long assource abatement of possibly hazardous substances is successful.

4 Landspreading of semi-solidand landspreading of solid sludge entail on average the lowest total Landspreading of composted sludge, use of sludge in land reclamation and use of sludge insilviculture record intermediate total Landfilling, mono-incineration and co-incineration of sludge with other wastes entail the BASED TRAINING 2005 The COSTS of chemicals and materials usually range between 5 7 % of the total OPERATION COSTS mainly depend on the characteristics of WASTEWATER and the discharge norm, theselected chemicals, correct dosing, quantities kept in stock and purchasing market situation and the price structure for chemicals differ Polymers, alum and lime for sludge conditioning- NaCl, Cl2, O3 for disinfection- FeCl2, FeCl3, AlCl for precipitation of phosphorous- Methanol, ethanol for denitrification- Reagents for laboratories- Oil and gas for machinery and vehicles- OthersChemicals and MaterialWEB BASED TRAINING 2005 Miscellaneous COSTS can differ between 5 and 15 % of the total OPERATION pollution charges have to be paid to the authorities, pollution charges are the maincontributor to the total miscellaneous COSTS (4 - 8 %).

5 - Internal laboratory servicesSelf-monitoring and analysis of water authorities- Pollution chargesPollution charges are often levied by local or national governments on the discharge ofwater into the environment. There is a variety of charging systems into place to determinethe pollution charges on WASTEWATER discharge. For TREATMENT PLANTS the pollution charge isoften calculated based on the number of inhabitants served by the plant or the pollutionload of specific chemical, biological and biochemical Administrative COSTS like insurances, office equipment some municipalities administrative COSTS are paid centrally, in some these COSTS areallocated to the WASTEWATER TREATMENT Rents and tenanciesSome municipality own their land and buildings and have theses COSTS on their capitalbudget. Others pay rents and External COSTS for consultants, maintenance works, laboratory analysisMiscellaneous


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