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OPERATIONAL LOGISTICS - Defense Technical Information …

0 OPERATIONAL LOGISTICSA MONOGRAPHBYM ajor Michael Cyril LopezUnited States ArmySchool of Advanced Military StudiesUnited States Army Command and General Staff CollegeFort Leavenworth, KansasSecond Term AY 00-01 Approved for Public Release Distribution isiiMASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCEMONOGRAPH APPROVAL PAGEName of Candidate: Major Michael Cyril LopezMonograph Title: OPERATIONAL LogisticsApproved by:_____, Monograph DirectorPatrick Shaha, COL, USA School of Advanced Military Studies_____, Director of Academic Affairs,Robert H. Berlin, School of Advanced Military Studies_____, Director, Graduate Degree ProgramsPhilip J.

0 OPERATIONAL LOGISTICS A MONOGRAPH BY Major Michael Cyril Lopez United States Army School of Advanced Military Studies United States Army Command and General Staff ...

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Transcription of OPERATIONAL LOGISTICS - Defense Technical Information …

1 0 OPERATIONAL LOGISTICSA MONOGRAPHBYM ajor Michael Cyril LopezUnited States ArmySchool of Advanced Military StudiesUnited States Army Command and General Staff CollegeFort Leavenworth, KansasSecond Term AY 00-01 Approved for Public Release Distribution isiiMASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCEMONOGRAPH APPROVAL PAGEName of Candidate: Major Michael Cyril LopezMonograph Title: OPERATIONAL LogisticsApproved by:_____, Monograph DirectorPatrick Shaha, COL, USA School of Advanced Military Studies_____, Director of Academic Affairs,Robert H. Berlin, School of Advanced Military Studies_____, Director, Graduate Degree ProgramsPhilip J.

2 Brookes, opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the student author and do notnecessarily represent the views of the Army Command and General Staff College or anyother governmental agency. (Reference to this study should include the foregoing statement.)iiiABSTRACTO perational LOGISTICS Planning by MAJ Michael C. Lopez, USA 62 the twentieth century, Army OPERATIONAL logisticians sustained land combat operationsin five recognized wars: World War I, World War II, Korea, Vietnam, and Operation DesertStorm. Only three of the five wars involved major combat maneuvers, namely World War II,Korea, and Operation Desert Storm.

3 In each war, the LOGISTICS system had to be tailored in size,structure, and procedures to support the mission, composition, and concept of operations of themilitary forces. In World War II, the OPERATIONAL LOGISTICS system sustained the island hoppingcampaigns in the South Pacific and the Normandy invasion in Europe. In Korea, the operationallogistics system sustained the Naktong (Pusan) Perimeter, the Inchon landing, and the groundoffensive into North Korea. In Operation Desert Storm, the OPERATIONAL LOGISTICS system sustainedthe major ground offensive into the exception of Operation Desert Storm, the OPERATIONAL LOGISTICS system exhibitedlimitations.

4 Lack of thorough planning in support of branches and sequels resulted in logisticsculmination and OPERATIONAL LOGISTICS pauses in Operation Chromite (Korea) and OperationOverlord (World War II). US forces surrendered the initiative to the enemy and missedopportunities to quickly end the wars. According to James Huston, author of LOGISTICS in ArmedConflict, LOGISTICS culmination and OPERATIONAL LOGISTICS pauses are a common event in the US warexperience. One of the weaknesses of LOGISTICS has been a failure of transportation for thesupport of the exploitation and pursuit phases of an action. The purpose of the monograph is to determine whether continued ground operationswould have shown Operation Desert Storm to be an example of a responsive Army theaterlogistic system for sustained land combat.

5 The answer will depend on researching severalfactors: defining OPERATIONAL LOGISTICS , developing an OPERATIONAL LOGISTICS planning process,conducting a case study on Operation Desert Storm, and defining the LOGISTICS characteristic ofresponsiveness. For the purpose of making the determination, the discussion will be based on theassumption that the ground war continued beyond the four day and the General Yeosock waspermitted to issue the pursuit order to General s Luck and working definition of OPERATIONAL LOGISTICS is necessary because multiple definitionsexist in Army doctrine. The definition will assist in developing an OPERATIONAL LOGISTICS planningprocess.

6 The theater logistic system will be developed by redefining the factors of mission,enemy, terrain and weather, troops available, time, and civilian considerations (METT-TC) aslogistical planning tools. A case study is conducted of the theater logistic system that sustainedthe four-day war in Operation Desert research indicated that Operation Desert Strom does not serve as an example of aresponsive theater LOGISTICS system for sustained land combat. Neither the XVIII Airborne Corpsnor the VII Corps could have massed ground combat forces south of Basrah to destroy theRepublican Guard because the distance was beyond the LOGISTICS reach of the 22nd major lessons identified by Operation Desert Storm are that future opponents will not allowthe US six-months to prepare for combat, and that Army logisticians are still not capable ofsustaining the pursuit phase of campaigns and major operations.

7 One reason is that pursuitoperations are not trained at the brigade, division, and corps level combat training centers (CTC).The other problem is that the LOGISTICS focus of the Command and General Staff College (CGSC)is on teaching logisticians how to receive, stage, onward move, and integrate combat power for afive-day operation. To fully prepare the Army, and particularly logisticians, for the next majorwar, all four types of offensive operations must be fully trained: movement-to-contact, attack,exploitation, and the of ContentsMONOGRAPH APPROVAL Level of OPERATIONAL LOGISTICS & & Support OPERATION DESERT STORM CASE of 1: Theater of 2: OPERATIONAL LOGISTICS 3: Theater LOGISTICS 4: Theater Distribution Hubs, LOCs, & 5: G-Day (First Day).

8 51 Appendix 6: G+1 (Second Day)..52 Appendix 7: G+2 (Third Day)..53 Appendix 8: G+3 (Fourth Day)..54 Appendix 9: G+4 (Fifth Day).. ONEI. INTRODUCTIONThe United States Army as an institution has seven strategic mission essential tasks: closewith and destroy the enemy, shape the security environment, respond promptly to crisis, conductforcible entry operations, conduct sustained land operations, provide support to civil authorities,and mobilize the Army1. The mission essential tasks establish the key capabilities required toeffectively employ land power in the strategic environment in support of national concept of the strategic environment is confusing and requires clarification.

9 For theArmy, that environment is initially defined by the national security strategy, which is brokendown into the three categories of: war, conflict, and peace. Subordinate to the national securitystrategy, the national joint military strategy consists of two types of operations, war and militaryoperations other than war (MOOTW). Both types of operations have the objective of achievingthe political end state established by the national command Army s seven strategic mission essential tasks relate directly to the four categories ofArmy operations: offensive, defensive, stability, and support. Joint Force Commanders andArmy component commanders determine the emphasis Army forces place on each type ofoperation.

10 Offensive and defensive operations dominate in war. Stability and support operationsdominate in MOOTW. In war, the capability to conduct sustained land combat operationsrequires the full integration of LOGISTICS at the strategic, OPERATIONAL , and tactical levels of the twentieth century, Army OPERATIONAL logisticians sustained land combat operationsin five recognized wars: World War I, World War II, Korea, Vietnam, and Operation DesertStorm. Only three of the five wars involved major combat maneuvers, namely World War II,Korea, and Operation Desert Storm. In each war, the LOGISTICS system had to be tailored in size,structure, and procedures to support the mission, composition, and concept of operations of the 1 Department of the Army, Student Text 3-0: Operations, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Army Command2military forces.


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