Optical Design with Zemax for PhD - Basics

1 Optical Design with Zemax for PhD - Basics Lecture 2: Basic Zemax handling 2019-10-30. Herbert Gross Speaker: Yi Zhong Winter term 2019 2. Preliminary Schedule No Date Subject Detailed content Zemax interface, menus, file handling, system description, editors, preferences, updates, 1 Introduction system reports, coordinate systems, aperture, field, wavelength, layouts, diameters, stop and pupil, solves Basic Zemax Raytrace, ray fans, paraxial optics, surface types, quick focus, catalogs, vignetting, 2 handling footprints, system insertion, scaling, component reversal Properties of Optical aspheres, gradient media, gratings and diffractive surfaces, special types of surfaces, 3 systems telecentricity, ray aiming.

2 Afocal systems 4 Aberrations I representations, spot, Seidel, transverse aberration curves, Zernike wave aberrations 5 Aberrations II Point spread function and transfer function 6 Optimization I algorithms, merit function, variables, pick up's 7 Optimization II methodology, correction process, special requirements, examples 8 Advanced handling slider, universal plot, I/O of data, material index fit, multi configuration, macro language 9 Imaging Fourier imaging, geometrical images 10 Correction I Symmetry, field flattening, color correction 11 Correction II Higher orders, aspheres, freeforms, miscellaneous 12 Tolerancing I Practical tolerancing, sensitivity 13 Tolerancing II Adjustment, thermal loading, ghosts 14 Illumination I Photometry, light sources, non-sequential raytrace, homogenization, simple examples 15 Illumination II Examples, special components 16 Physical modeling I Gaussian beams, Gauss-Schell beams, general propagation, POP.

3 17 Physical modeling II Polarization, Jones matrix, Stokes, propagation, birefringence, components 18 Physical modeling IIIC oatings, fresnel formulas, matrix algorithm, types of coatings Scattering and straylight, PSD, calculation schemes, volume scattering, biomedical 19 Physical modeling IV. applications Adaptive optics, stock lens matching, index fit, Macro language, coupling Zemax -Matlab /. 20 Additional topics Python 3. Content 1. Raytrace 2. Paraxial optics 3. Surface types 4. Glass catalogs 5. lens catalogs 6. Quick focus and adjustment 7. Vignetting 8. Footprints 9. System changes 4. Scheme of raytrace Ray: straight line between two intersection points System: sequence of spherical surfaces Data: u'.

4 J-1 d - radii, curvature c=1/r ray d s j-1. sj i - vertex distances oblique thickness j i' u'j j - refractive indices y j d d - transverse diameter j-1 j vertex distance o Surfaces of 2nd order: Calculation of intersection points analytically possible: fast medium n medium n j-1 j computation surface r surface r j j-1. 5. Single Ray Selection Definition of a single ray by two points First point in object plane: yp relative normalized coordinates: Hx, Hy Second point in entrance pupil plane: axis relative normalized coordinates Px, Py Px second point Py xp pupil plane y Hx Hy first point x object plane 6. Raytrace in Zemax Selection of 2 points on the ray on object and entrance pupil plane Real and paraxial rays are tabulated Coordinate reference can be selected to be local or global 7.

5 Ray fans and ray cones Ray fan: 2-dimensional plane set of rays object Ray cone: point 3-dimensional filled ray cone pupil grid 11. Optical imaging Optical Image formation: All ray emerging from one object point meet in the perfect image point Region near axis: gaussian imaging ideal, paraxial pupil field stop O2. Image field size: point Chief ray chief ray Aperture/size of object marginal light cone: ray Optical system marginal ray axis O1 O'1. defined by pupil stop image O'2. 9. Formulas for surface and lens imaging Single surface n' n n' n 1.. imaging equation s' s r f'. 1 1 . n 1 . Thin lens in air 1. focal length f' r1 r2.

6 Thin lens in air with one plane r surface, focal length f ' . n 1. r Thin symmetrical bi- lens f' . 2 n 1 . Thick lens in air 1 1 n 1 2 d n 1 . 1. focal length f' r1 r2 n r1r2. 10. Imaging equation s'. Imaging by a lens in air: 4f'. lens makers formula real object virtual image real image 1 1 1 real image . s' s f 2f'. Magnification s' 2f' 4f'. m -2f'. s s - 4f'. Real imaging: s < 0 , s' > 0. real object -2f'. virtual image Intersection lengths s, s' virtual object virtual image measured with respective to the principal planes P, P'. - 4f'. 11. Magnification Lateral magnification for finite imaging y' f tan u m.

7 Scaling of image size y f ' tan u '. principal planes y focal point focal point F P P' F' image object z f f' z'. y'. s s'. 12. Angle Magnification Afocal systems with object/image in infinity Definition with field angle w tan w' nh . angular magnification tan w n' h'. w'. w f Relation with finite-distance magnification m . f'. 13. Surface properties and settings Setting of surface properties 14. Surface properties and settings Setting of surface properties 15. Important Surface Types Special surface types Data in lens Data Editor Gradient media are descriped as 'special surfaces'. Diffractive / micro structured surfaces described by simple ray tracing model in one order 16.

8 Important Surface Types Special surface types Data in lens Data Editor or in Extra Data Editor Gradient media are descriped as 'special surfaces'. Diffractive / micro structured surfaces described by simple ray tracing model in one order Standard spherical and conic sections Even asphere classical asphere Paraxial ideal lens Paraxial XY ideal toric lens Coordinate break change of coordinate system Diffraction grating line grating Gradient 1 gradient medium Toroidal cylindrical lens Zernike Fringe sag surface as superposition of Zernike functions Extended polynomial generalized asphere Black Box lens hidden system, from vendors ABCD paraxial segment 17.

9 Surface Analysis in Zemax Analysis of surfaces 18. Surface Analysis in Zemax Analysis of surface sag 19. Surface Analysis in Zemax Analysis of surface curvature 20. Surface Analysis in Zemax Analysis of freeform surfaces 21. Diffractive Surfaces in Zemax Diffraction grating Classical grating with straight lines Parameters: LP/mm, diffraction order Substrate can be curved, lines are straight in the local coordinate system on the surface Elliptical grating 1: Similar, but grooves can be curved for projection onto x-y-plane, Substrate can be aspheric Elliptical grating 2: Similar to 1, but curved lines defined by intersection of planes with asphere Binary1.

10 Substrate rotational symmetric asphere Phase of binary element: extended polynomial, scaled on normalization radius in radiant 22. Diffractive Surfaces in Zemax Binary2. Similare to 1, but phase only circular symmetric Binary3. Substrate and phase circular symmetric Two different data sets on two ring zones Binary4. Similar to 3, but several zones possible 23. Diffractive Surfaces in Zemax Radial grating Grating with circular symmetry and a line spacing, which changes over the radius Variable line space grating Straight lines but unevenly separated Hologram 1. Hologram 2. Toroidal hologram Optically fabricated hologram Defined by corresponding lens systems to generate the interference with residual aberrations Toroidal grating Cylindrical surface with usual line grating structure Extended toroidal grating 24.