Organizational Behaviour 1 Management ... - DDCE, Utkal

1 Organizational Behaviour 1 Management Concepts and Practices DIRECTORATE OF DISTANCE & CONTINUING EDUCATION Utkal University, Bhubaneswar-7, Odisha Email: Website: 2 Introduction to Organizational Behaviour Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar-751007 The study material is developed exclusively for the use of the students admitted under DDCE, Utkal University. Name of the Study Material: Human Resource Management ISBN : .. Author s Name: Dr. Ullas Chandra Das Dr. Ajit Kumar Mishra Edited and Reviewed by: Dr. S. K. Acharya Dr. B. R. Mishra Dr. R. R. Das Year of Print: 2019 No. of Copies: 2000 Printed by: EXCEL BOOKS PRIVATE LIMITED Regd. Office: E-77, South Ext. Part-I, Delhi-110049 Corporate Office: Plot No. 1E/14, Jhandewalan Extension, New Delhi 110055 Sales Office: 81, Shyamlal Marg, Daryaganj, Delhi-110002 +91-8800697053, +91-011-47520129 For: Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar - 751007 Organizational Behaviour 3 DIRECTORATE OF DISTANCE & CONTINUING EDUCATION Utkal UNIVERSITY, VANI VIHAR BHUBANESWAR-751007 From the Director s Desk The Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, originally established as the University Evening College way back in 1962 has travelled a long way in the last 52 years.

2 EDUCATION FOR ALL is our motto. Increasingly the Open and Distance Learning institutions are aspiring to provide education for anyone, anytime and anywhere. DDCE, Utkal University has been constantly striving to rise up to the challenges of Open Distance Learning system. Nearly one lakh students have passed through the portals of this great temple of learning. We may not have numerous great tales of outstanding academic achievements but we have great tales of success in life, of recovering lost opportunities, tremendous satisfaction in life, turning points in career and those who feel that without us they would not be where they are today. There are also flashes when our students figure in best ten in their honours subjects. Our students must be free from despair and negative attitude.

3 They must be enthusiastic, full of energy and confident of their future. To meet the needs of quality enhancement and to address the quality concerns of our stakeholders over the years, we are switching over to self-instructional material printed courseware. We are sure that students would go beyond the courseware provided by us. We are aware that most of you are working and have also family responsibility. Please remember that only a busy person has time for everything and a lazy person has none. We are sure, that you will be able to chalk out a well planned programme to study the courseware. By choosing to pursue a course in distance mode, you have made a commitment for self-improvement and acquiring higher educational qualification. You should rise up to your commitment.

4 Every student must go beyond the standard books and self-instructional course material. You should read number of books and use ICT learning resources like the internet, television and radio programmes etc. As only limited number of classes will be held, a student should come to the personal contact programme well prepared. The PCP should be used for clarification of doubt and counseling. This can only happen if you read the course material before PCP. You can always mail your feedback on the courseware to us. It is very important that one should discuss the contents of the course materials with other fellow learners. We wish you happy reading. DIRECTOR 4 Introduction to Organizational Behaviour Management CONCEPTS AND PRACTICES CONTENTS Page No.

5 Unit 1 Concept of Management 7 Unit 2 Planning and Decision Making 32 Unit 3 Principles of Organisations 49 Unit 4 Coordination and Controlling 84 Unit 5 Contemporary Issues 105 Organizational Behaviour 5 International Human Resource Management 7 NotesUNIT 1 CONCEPT OF Management Structure Objectives Introduction Meaning of Management Definition of Management Nature or Characteristics of Management Scope of Management Is Management a Science or an Art? Professionalisation of Management Functions of Management Skills of a Manager Characteristics of Quality Managers Universality of Management Process of Management Development of Management Thought Evolution of Management Thought Classical Theory Neoclassical Theory Modern Theory (System Approach) Summary Self-Assessment Questions OBJECTIVES After going through this unit, you will be able to: Understand the meaning and characteristics of Management .

6 Describe scope of Management Understand functions of Management . Know the nature of Management is it a science or an art. Understand skill of the manager. Describe Management as a profession. Understand scientific Management . Understand the evolution of Management thought. Understand the principles of Management by H. Fayol. 8 Management Concepts and PracticesNotes INTRODUCTION Management is a universal process in all organized, social and economic activities. Wherever there is human activity there is Management . Management is a vital aspect of the economic life of man, which is an organized group activity. A central directing and controlling agency is indispensable for a business concern. The productive resources material, labour, capital etc. are entrusted to the organizing skill, administrative ability and enterprising initiative of the Management .

7 Thus, Management provides leadership to a business enterprise. Without able managers and effective managerial leadership the resources of production remain merely resources and never become production. Management occupies such an important place in the modern world that the welfare of the people and the destiny of the country are very much influenced by it. MEANING OF Management Management is a technique of extracting work from others in an integrated and co-ordinated manner for realizing the specific objectives through productive use of material resources. Mobilising the physical, human and financial resources and planning their utilization for business operations in such a manner as to reach the defined goals can be benefited to as Management . DEFINITION OF Management Management may be defined in many different ways.

8 Many eminent authors on the subject have defined the term " Management ". Some of these definitions are reproduced below: In the words of George R Terry - " Management is a distinct process consisting of planning, organising, actuating and controlling performed to determine and accomplish the objectives by the use of people and resources". According to James L Lundy - " Management is principally the task of planning, co ordinating, motivating and controlling the efforts of others towards a specific objective", In the words of Henry Fayol - "To manage is to forecast and to plan, to organise, to command, to co-ordinate and to control". According to peter F drucker - " Management is a multipurpose organ that manages a business and manages managers and manages worker and work". In the words of Schulze - " Management is the force which leads, guides and directs an organisation in the accomplishment of a pre-determined object".

9 In the words of Koontz and O'Donnel - " Management is defined as the creation and maintenance of an internal environment in an enterprise where individuals working together in groups can perform efficiently and effectively towards the attainment of group goals". According to Ordway Tead - " Management is the process and agency which directs and guides the operations of an organisation in realising of established aims". According to Stanley Vance - " Management is simply the process of decision-making and control over the actions of human beings for the express purpose of attaining pre determined goals". According to Wheeler - "Business Management is a human activity which directs and controls the organisation and operation of a business enterprise. Management is centred in the administrators of managers of the firm who integrate men, material and money into an effective operating limit".

10 In the words of William Spriegel - " Management is that function of an enterprise which concerns itself with the direction and control of the various activities to attain the business objectives". In the words of S. George - " Management consists of getting things done through others. Manager is one who accomplishes the objectives by directing the efforts of others". International Human Resource Management 9 NotesIn the words of Keith and Gubellini - " Management is the force that integrates men and physical plant into an effective operating unit". According to Newman, Summer and Warren - "The job of Management is to make cooperative endeavour to function properly. A manager is one who gets things done by working with people and other resources". According to John F M - " Management may be defined as the art of securing maximum results with a minimum of effort so as to secure maximum results with a minimum of effort so as to secure maximum prosperity and happiness for both employer and employee and give the public the best possible service".