Overview of Worldwide “Data Link” Equipage Mandates

1 Overview of Worldwide data link Equipage Mandates PRESENTED BY: Tom Kraft, FAA Wednesday, November 18, 2015 | 3:00 to 4:30 pm 2 cpdlc and ADS-C data link Mandates (and Incentives) Sources: FAA, ICAO, EC FAA Airborne data link Recording (DLR) Rule cpdlc North Atlantic data link mandate (NAT DLM) FANS 1/A cpdlc and ADS-C European data link Services Rule (EC DLS IR) ATN B1 cpdlc ( link 2000+) data link Incentives An additional capability Satellite Voice (SATVOICE) 3 FAA Airborne data link Recording Rule (1/2)

2 Since 2008, the data link recording rule had impeded equipping aircraft with NextGen technologies, which hindered advances in safety On retrofit aircraft, applicability of the rule would consider the date a data link capability would be installed or modified on the specific aircraft The rule affected over 2,000 air transport and over 5,000 business aviation/high-end general aviation aircraft 2 March 2015 FAA published notice of policy change in response to Performance-based Operations Aviation Rulemaking Committee (PARC) report FAA DLR cpdlc Source: , Docket No.

3 FAA-2015-0289 4 FAA Airborne data link Recording Rule (2/2) Under the policy change when a CVR and FDR is required applicability of the data link recording rule is now determined by a) Date of manufacture for the aircraft b) Date of cpdlc design approval ( , FANS 1/A or ATN B1) for the make, model and series (M/M/S) of that aircraft c) Effective date of rule for type of operation 1) December 6, 2010 for aircraft operating under Parts 121, 125 and 135 2) April 8, 2012 for aircraft operating under Part 91 Then DLR capability is NOT required for the life of the aircraft FAA DLR cpdlc Source: , Docket No.

4 FAA-2015-0289 If the a) & b) dates are both before the relevant c) date 5 North Atlantic data link mandate (1/4) NAT DLM FANS 1/A cpdlc and ADS-C Source: , FAA Notices To Airmen, Part 3, Section 2 Phase 1, began 7 February 2013 FL360 to FL390 on no more than two specified tracks within the NAT organized track system (OTS) Phase 2A, began 5 February 2015 FL350 to FL390 within the NAT OTS Applies to all aircraft operating on or at any point along the tracks Phase 2B, beginning 7 December 2017 FL350 to FL390 in ICAO NAT Region Phase 2C, beginning 30 January 2020 FL290 and above in ICAO NAT Region 6 North Atlantic data link mandate (2/4)

5 NAT DLM FANS 1/A cpdlc and ADS-C FANS 1/A cpdlc & ADS-C is required with limited exceptions ( , State & SAR aircraft) data link mandate (DLM) is not applicable in the following airspace NAT airspace where ATS surveillance (radar or ADS-B) services are provided The aircraft must be suitably equipped (transponder/ADS-B Extended Squitter (ES) transmitter) AND The entire flight planned route must be within ATS surveillance coverage New York Oceanic FIR (FAA rulemaking is required) North of 80 north (geostationary satellite coverage is not reliable) Source.

6 , FAA Notices To Airmen, Part 3, Section 2 7 North Atlantic data link mandate (3/4) NAT DLM Operating Policies Climb or Descent of Non-equipped Aircraft ATC will consider requests for a continuous climb or descent without intermediate level off through NAT DLM airspace on a tactical basis FANS 1/A cpdlc and ADS-C failure situations Prior to departure flight plan must be clear of NAT DLM airspace After departure notify ATC of status PRIOR TO ENTERING NAT DLM airspace, ATC will consider requests to enter DLM airspace on a tactical basis After Entering NAT DLM Airspace immediately advise ATC.

7 ATC may re-clear the flight, or allow flight to remain in DLM airspace on a tactical basis Source: , FAA Notices To Airmen, Part 3, Section 2 8 North Atlantic data link mandate (4/4) NAT DLM Operating Policies operators require operational authorization prior to using cpdlc /ADS-C FAA Advisory Circular (AC) 20-140 (as amended), Design Approval Guidelines Satellite (Inmarsat or Iridium) communications are considered acceptable subnetworks for FANS 1/A operations outside VHF coverage in the NAT Region FAA AC 120-70 (as amended)

8 , Operational Authorization Guidelines FAA grants operational authorization by issuing Operational Specifications or Management Specifications A056 ( data link Communications), as appropriate, or Part 91 Letter of Authorization A056 ( data link Communications). Source: , FAA Notices To Airmen, Part 3, Section 2 9 Air traffic management operations are becoming more dependent on reliable communication and surveillance Sources: enter sources here NAM NAT EUR DCL cpdlc En-Route cpdlc link 2000+ RLongSM RLatSM 30/50 NM LongSM 30/50 NM LatSM DLM 10 North Atlantic High Level Airspace NAT MNPS transition to NAT HLA 4 Feb 2016 MNPS airspace re-designated HLA (FL 285-420)

9 Starting 1 Jan 2015 RNP 10 or RNP 4 required for NEW MNPS authorizations Until 30 Jan 2020, existing MNPS authorizations remain valid Performance-Based Communication Performance-Based Surveillance Performance-Based Navigation Air Traffic Management RCP RNP RSP RNAV Surveillance Navigation Communication ICAO provisions in progress RNP 2 PBC (RCP) PBS (RSP). 11 EC DLS IR Target ATN B1 cpdlc ( link 2000+) The benefits of having 75% cpdlc flights above FL285: R/T communication reduction of 61% Sector capacity gain of 11% Beyond the benefits of cpdlc implementation, data link will support future SESAR driven concepts and technologies Sources: EUROCONTROL, Regulation (EC) No 29/2009 European data link Services Rule (1/4) 12 EC DLS IR Delay ATN B1 cpdlc ( link 2000+) Source.

10 Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/310 The EASA Report (March 2014) Requested by the European Commission Disconnections, known as Provider Aborts are beyond acceptable levels Provider aborts were attributed to a combination of factors ( no single cause) Technical solution requires multi-frequency infrastructure and optimized for radio frequency interference prevention Further work is needed to investigate issues and validate technical solution More time is needed ANSPs have implemented mitigation measures ( white lists ), which are used to allow DLS operations only to aircraft equipped with specific avionics European data link Services Rule (2/4) 13 EC DLS IR Delay ATN B1 cpdlc ( link 2000+) Source.