PAKISTAN STUDIES - Allama Iqbal Open University

1 PAKISTAN STUDIES (Compulsory) For BS Course Code: (9374) Units: 1 9 Department of PAKISTAN STUDIES Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Allama Iqbal OPEN University , ISLAMABAD ii (ALL RIGHTS RESERVED WITH THE PUBLISHER) 1st Edition .. 2019 Quantity .. Price .. Publishing Supervisor .. Printer .. Allama Iqbal Open University , Islamabad. Publisher .. Allama Iqbal Open University , Islamabad. Course Development Coordinator: .. Dr. Khalid Mahmood Editor: .. Ms. Humera Ejaz iii COURSE TEAM Chairman: Prof. Dr. Samina Awan Course Coordinator: Dr. Khalid Mahmood Writers: 1. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Reza Kazimi 2. Dr. Khalid Mahmood 3. Mudassir Jattala 4. Sayed Akmal Shah \ Reviewers: 1. Prof. Dr. Samina Awan 2. Prof. Dr. Sayed Jaffar Ahmed 3.

2 Prof. Dr. Fazal-i-Rahim Marwat 4. Prof. Dr. Anwar Shaheen 5. Dr. Sajid Mahmood Awan 6. Dr. Umar Hayat 7. Dr. Kishwar Sultana 8. Dr. Kausar Parveen Editor: Ms. Humera Ejaz Layout & Design: Malik Mateen Ishfaq ivFOREWORD Allama Iqbal Open University has the honour to present BS Programs in various faculties for those who are deprived from regular education due to their compulsions. It is obviously your own institution that provides you the education facility at your door step. PAKISTAN , our beloved country had been facing numerous issues since its creation. The initial days were very tough for the newly state but with the blessings of Allah Almighty, it made progress day by day. However, due to conspiracy of external powers and some weaknesses of our leaders, the internal situation of East PAKISTAN rapidly changed and the end was painful as we lost not only the land but also our Bengali brothers.

3 After the war of 1971, the people and leaders of PAKISTAN were forced to rethink the future of the remaining country. Another issue was that the democratic system of government could not be developed due to various reasons. However, PAKISTAN also carried on its economic and social development to some extent under the Martial Law period. Today, we need the study of various aspects of Pakistani society. PAKISTAN STUDIES is the collection of many subjects including history, culture, economy, languages, international relations, politics and geography etc. As a compulsory subject this course would fulfill the requirement of students at BS level. I am pleased that a new course book of PAKISTAN STUDIES (compulsory), for the students of BS of various faculties of Allama Iqbal Open University , Islamabad, is now available.

4 The book in your hands in the latest course of PAKISTAN STUDIES developed for you. Its units have been written by the experts of the subject and I am hopeful after studying the book you will acquire the authentic information and facts about the history, ideology, society and culture, economy and foreign policy of PAKISTAN . July 2019 Prof. Dr. Zia Ul-Qayyum (Vice Chancellor) vINTRODUCTION Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad has started BS Programme in its various faculties. The Department PAKISTAN STUDIES has the honour of developing many courses for the University students from metric to M Phil. This course is developed according to the requirements of Higher Education Commission of PAKISTAN . The course fulfills the needs of the students regarding their queries about PAKISTAN .

5 This course comprises nine units consisting of three credit hours. The chapters of the course have been written and reviewed by the experts of the subject. Unit one describes the ideology of PAKISTAN and the old civilizations including the Indus Valley and Gandhara. The role of Muslim traders in sub-continent and Hindu-Muslims relations has also been discussed. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Allama Iqbal and Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah cannot be separated from the Ideology of PAKISTAN ; therefore, the author also discussed the ideas of these leaders. At the end of the unit the objectives of creation of PAKISTAN have been discussed. Origin of Sufism and role of Sufis within South Asia is discussed in the second unit. The contributions of Hazrat Ali Hajveri (Data Ganj Bakhsh) Hazrat Khawja Moinuddin Chishti, Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai and Rahman Baba are discussed in this context.

6 Moreover, the services of Sheikh Ahmed Sirhindi, Shah Wali Ullah and Sayed Ahmed Shaheed are also discussed in this unit. Unit three has been written regarding the educational movements of the Muslims of South Asia after the War of Independence (1857). The services of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan are recognized in the organization of Aligarh Movement. Some other contemporary educational movements including the Darul Uloom Deoband, Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulema, the Jamia Millia Islamia and the services of Islamia College Peshawar are also highlighted in this chapter. Unit four of this book focused on the British Rule and Separate Muslim Identity in the subcontinent. The causes, events and effects of the war of independence of 1857 are also described in this unit. The chapter also provides detailed knowledge about the struggle of Muslim leaders on South Asia under the banner of All India Muslim League.

7 Unit five is the continuity of the previous unit while the writer has discussed the Nehru Report, the Fourteen Points of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Lahore Resolution, the August Offer, the Cripps mission and the cabinet Mission Plan. The third June Plan, the Indian Independence Act 1947 and the Radcliffe Award have also been elaborated by the author. The next unit evaluates the constitutional and political development in PAKISTAN from 1947 to 1971. The initial part of this unit includes the initial problems faced by PAKISTAN . The role of the first governor general of PAKISTAN has been discussed viwhich he played after the creation of the country. The author also discussed the approval of Objectives Resolution by the constituent assembly. The Constitution of 1956 and 1962 and imposition of martial laws are also elaborated by the author.

8 The unit further throws light on the war of 1965. The next unit covers the political and constitutional development since the dismemberment of PAKISTAN . The author tried to cover the important events of constitutional and political development including the Islamic Provisions of the Constitution of 1973, the fundamental rights of the citizens, and the amendments in the Constitution of 1973 until 2019 are elaborated. The rules of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, General Zia-ul-Haq, Benazir Bhutto, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif and General Pervaiz Musharraf have also been discussed in the unit. The unit also covered the general elections of 2013 and the government of PAKISTAN Muslim League (N) till 2018. The general elections of 2018 and initial days of the rule of PTI government are also briefly discussed at the end of this chapter.

9 The eighth Unit informs the students of PAKISTAN STUDIES about the physical features of PAKISTAN . Mountains, Plains, Plateaus, rivers, coastal areas and deserts as well as the human resources of PAKISTAN are of great importance. The national issues including overpopulation, unemployment, shortage of housing, poverty, and uneven development level of the urban and rural areas are also discussed in the unit. Moreover, culture and social lifestyles, the major industries of PAKISTAN , agricultural issues and new development policies and programs started by the government are included. According to the author the CPEC is expected to bring a major positive change in the level of prosperity for the people of PAKISTAN . In the ninth and last unit of the course, the objectives of PAKISTAN s foreign policy, the United Nations and its subsidiary organizations and PAKISTAN s relations with OIC, ECO (RCD), and SAARC have been discussed in detail.

10 At the end of this unit PAKISTAN s relation with other countries including China, India, Afghanistan, Iran, Saudi Arabia, America and USSR/ Russia have been elaborated. Dear students, I am hopeful that the course will be highly fruitful for those who wish to gain more information about PAKISTAN ideology, society, culture, politics, economy and foreign policy. I have tried my best to provide you authentic knowledge and vast information as you have to learn as non-formal students of Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad. Course development Coordinator Department of PAKISTAN STUDIES Allama Iqbal Open University , Islamabad 051-9057831 viiOBJECTIVES This course is developed for the BS Programme in different subjects / faculties offered by Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad.