Paper 2: UK Geographical Issues

1 Centre NumberCandidate NumberWrite your name hereSurnameOther namesTotal MarksPaper ReferenceTurn over Pearson Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 GCSE (9 1)*S52149A0134*Instructions Use black ink or ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name, centre number and candidate number. Answer all questions in Sections A and B. In Section C1 answer either Question 8 or Question 9. In Section C2 answer either Question 10 or Question 11. Answer the questions in the spaces provided there may be more space than you need. You must show all your working out with your answer clearly identified at the end of your The total mark for this Paper is 94. The marks for each question are shown in brackets use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your written communication will be assessed you should take particular care on these questions with your spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology, as well as the clarity of expression.

2 The marks available for spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology are clearly Read each question carefully before you start to answer it. Check your answers if you have time at the 2016 Pearson Education must have:Calculator1GB0/02 Specimen papers for first teaching September 2016 Time: 1 hour 30 minutesGeography BPaper 2: UK Geographical Issues *S52149A0234*2 SECTION AThe UK s Evolving Physical LandscapeAnswer ALL questions in this questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .1 (a) Study Figure 1 which shows a photograph of a UK 1 (i) Identify the physical landscape shown.(1)A An upland that has been glaciated. B A lowland that has not been glaciated. C A lowland that has been glaciated. D An upland that has not been glaciated.

3 (ii) Which one of the following is the most likely location of this landscape?(1)A South-East EnglandB East Anglia C South-West England D North-West Scotland*S52149A0334*Turn over 3 (b) Explain one way in which weathering affects slopes. (2).. (Total for Question 1 = 4 marks)*S52149A0434*4 Coastal Change and Conflict2 (a) Study Figure 2 which shows a part of the coastline of the East Riding of in the 4th century ADNorth SeaLost townsPresent townsPresent day CoastlineRiver HumberNFlamboroughFlamboroughHeadBridlin gonBarmstonAtwickHornseaMappletonGrimsto ne GarthWithernseaPaullKilnseaSpurn HeadWilsthorpeFigure 2 (i) Which one of the following is the best description of Wilsthorpe?(1)A A lost town near Flamborough A present town close to Bridlington. C A lost town near Spurn A present town close to Kilnsea.*S52149A0534*Turn over 5 (ii) Identify one way in which Figure 2 could be improved to help calculate the rate of erosion on this coastline.

4 (1).. (iii) State two possible reasons why coastal erosion is rapid on this coastline.(2)1 ..2 .. (b) Explain two reasons why protecting some coastlines from erosion may have more costs than benefits. (4)1 ..2 .. (Total for Question 2 = 8 marks)*S52149A0634*6 River Processes and Pressures3 (a) Study Figure 3 which is a diagram showing some differences along the course of a river.(Source: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License)Figure 3 (i) Which one of the following is the best description of the differences between the river channel at A and B? (1)A It is narrower and shallower at A than at B. B It is wider and deeper at A than at B. C It is wider and shallower at A than at B. D It is narrower and deeper at A than at B. (ii) Describe how river discharge is calculated.(2)..*S52149A0734*Turn over 7 (b) For a named river, explain why it floods.

5 (4) Named river .. (Total for Question 3 = 7 marks)*S52149A0834*8 Investigating a UK Geographical IssueSpelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology will be assessed in this Analyse Figure 4 which shows the amount of money spent on river and coastal flood defences in the UK, 2005 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 Flood defence spending ( millions) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Figure 4 Flood risks have been increasing in the UK and are likely to increase further due to climate change. On average, flood damage costs the UK over 1bn a year, with damage in some years costing more than 6bn (2015). The government calculates that an extra 25 billion over and above current spending needs to be spent on flood defences over the next 100 years. If spending on flood defences is increased, potential savings are estimated to be 125 bn.

6 **S52149A0934*Turn over 9 In this question, 4 additional marks will be awarded for your spelling, punctuation and grammar and your use of specialist terminology. Assess the costs and benefits of future increases in spending on flood defences in the UK.(8)..(Spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology = 4 marks) (Total for Question 4 = 12 marks)TOTAL FOR SECTION A = 31 MARKS*S52149A01034*10 SECTION BThe UK s Evolving Human LandscapeAnswer ALL questions in this (a) Study Figure 5 which shows the sources and amount of foreign direct investment into the UK between 2003 and AmericasAsiaAfrica 975bn breakdown bn20032004200520062007 Year2008200920102011201220131,0007505002 500 Africa 2bnAustralasia & Oceania 10bnAustralasia & OceaniaAsia 72bnThe Americas 325bnEurope 566bnFigure 5 (i) Which one of the following global regions increased its investments in the UK to over 500 billion by 2013?

7 (1)A Asia B The Americas C EuropeD Africa*S52149A01134*Turn over 11 (ii) Calculate the percentage of total investment that came from the Americas in 2013. Show your workings.(2).. (iii) State two reasons why foreign direct investment (FDI) has increased in the UK.(2)1 ..2 .. (b) Explain one reason why secondary employment has declined in the UK.(2).. (Total for Question 5 = 7 marks)*S52149A01234*12 Dynamic UK Cities6 (a) Study Figure 6 which shows variations in life expectancy at birth and child poverty around the underground stations in central povertyMost deprivedLeast deprived01km7985909081798383838383838185 8282828484878787878787848987868680888181 81817878787982 Life expectancy at birthColoured lines = London underground linesFigure 6 (i) Which one of the following is the range of life expectancy at birth in central London?

8 (1)A 6 years B 8 years C 12 yearsD 15 years (ii) Suggest a relationship that you could test between life expectancy at birth and child poverty.(1)..*S52149A01334*Turn over 13 (iii) Explain one reason why child poverty varies in urban areas.(2).. (b) For a UK city that you have studied, explain why regeneration has had both positive and negative effects on people.(4) Named city ..*S52149A01434*14 (c) For a UK city that you have studied, explain the strategies used to make urban living more sustainable. (4) Named city ..(Total for Question 6 = 12 marks)*S52149A01534*Turn over 15 BLANK PAGE*S52149A01634*16 Investigating a UK Geographical Issue7 Analyse the data in Figure 7 which shows average weekly earnings in the UK in two different ways. Average weekly earnings ( s)267359405465550867 The average weekly earnings in the UK using a normal scaleThe average weekly earnings in the UK scaled according to the number of jobs available in an area(Source: Crown copyright 2014)Figure 7*S52149A01734*Turn over 17 Assess the causes of variations in average weekly earnings in the UK.

9 (8)..(Total for Question 7 = 8 marks)TOTAL FOR SECTION B = 27 MARKS*S52149A01834*18 SECTION C1 Geographical Investigations: Fieldwork in a Physical EnvironmentAnswer EITHER Question 8 OR Question 9 in this section. If you answer Question 8 put a cross in the box .Coastal Change and Conflict8 (a) Analyse Figure 8 which is the data collected by a group of students studying the characteristics of an east-facing beach. The students chose to study the changes in sediment size, beach gradient and wave direction at 10 sites along a beach. The students chose to focus on the relationship between pebble size and beach gradient. They collected data at 10 sites along the beach with site 1 at the north end of the beach and further sites spaced evenly along the beach to its southern end. One site was inaccessible so no data was recorded there and not all data could be collected at another numberAverage beach gradient (degrees)Average pebble diameter (mm) found at top of the beachAverage pebble diameter (mm) found at the shorelineWave direction by compass bearing (degrees)1197560152 Inaccessible3176055204 Not available2051150452561035303079211045816 1510609101587010910680 Figure 8*S52149A01934*Turn over 19 (i) Suggest two factors that the students may have considered when selecting their sites.

10 (4)1 ..2 .. (ii) Explain one problem resulting from the lack of data from sites 2 and 4.(2).. (iii) Describe the relationship between beach gradient and pebble diameter in Figure 8.(4)..*S52149A02034*20 (b) You have carried out your own fieldwork investigating the impact of coastal management on coastal processes and communities. Name your coastal environment fieldwork location: .. Using the conclusions from your Geographical investigation, assess the accuracy and reliability of your results.(8)..*S52149A02134*Turn over 21 ..(Total for Question 8 = 18 marks) *S52149A02234*22 River Processes and PressuresIf you answer Question 9 put a cross in the box .9 (a) Analyse Figure 9 which is the data collected by a group of students studying changes in river characteristics. The students chose to study the changes in river channel characteristics along a rural stream in the south-west of England.