Pathways - Webs

1 Pathways 2 audio scriPts Audio Scripts CD1 Unit 1: Staying Healthy In the Modern World Lesson A Building Vocabulary Track 2 A. Meaning from Context Page 4 The Secret to a Long Life What's the secret to a long, healthy life? It begins with genes, but also depends on good habits. Experts studied groups of people living in places where many people live to be 100 years old - including Sardinia, Italy, and Okinawa, Japan. People in these places suffer from fewer diseases and are more likely to live to be 100 than people in other parts of the world. Sardinia In Sardinia, many people, especially men, live longer than in other parts of the world. In general, women live longer than men. In fact, in the United States, there are four times as many 100-year-old women as men.

2 However, in Sardinia, an equal number of men and women live to be 100. One of the reasons may be that men have a stress-free life there. The men typically work in the hills, which provides daily exercise and helps keep them strong. The women look after the house and money. "I do the work," says Tonino, a native Sardinian. "My wife does the worrying." Okinawa In Okinawa, people have very low rates of cancer and heart disease compared to Americans. One of the reasons for this is ikigai, a Japanese word that translates to "reason for living." Ikigai may help prevent stress, which can cause high blood pressure. Okinawans also eat a healthy, low-calorie diet that consists of a lot of fresh vegetables. "A full plate of Okinawan vegetables, tofu, and a little fish or meat has fewer calories than a small hamburger," says Makoto Suzuki of the Okinawa Centenarian Study.

3 "And it will have many more healthy nutrients." Developing Listening Skills Pronunciation Track 3 A. Page 6 1. Frank exercises every day. He plays sports and lifts weights. 2. There are 16 doctors and 37 nurses at the hospital. Track 4 Word Endings -s and -es Page 6 Examples: leg legs like likes refer refers Examples: bus buses surprise surprises exercise exercises Track 5 B. Page 6 Tara: Hello, everyone, and thanks for coming. I'd like to introduce myself. I'm Tara Sorenson, and I'm a public health nurse. Public health nurses are like other nurses, but we take care of more than one person. Our job is to keep everyone in the community healthy. I know-it's a big job! Mostly, I do this through education.

4 Tonight, I have 45 minutes to teach you about heart disease. Listening: A Talk about Preventing Heart Disease Track 6 A. Page 7 B. Listening for Main Ideas C. Listening for Details Tara: Hello, everyone, and thanks for coming . I'd like to introduce myself. I'm Tara Sorenson, and I'm a public health nurse. Public health nurses are like other nurses, but we take care of more than one person. Our job is to keep everyone in the community healthy. I know-it's a big job! Mostly, I do this through education. Tonight, I have 45 minutes to teach you about heart disease. There are different kinds of heart disease, but tonight we're talking about coronary heart disease-the kind of heart disease that can cause a heart attack.

5 Heart attacks happen when arteries or other blood vessels become too narrow. If they're too narrow, blood vessels can't bring enough blood and oxygen to the heart, and this causes a heart attack. The good news is-there are many things you can do to prevent heart disease. The first step is pretty easy-get your blood pressure checked. High blood pressure is bad for your blood vessels, and it can lead to heart disease. So, if you do have high blood pressure, you need to do something about it. For example, if you're overweight, losing five or 10 pounds could help lower your blood pressure. And you probably already know this-you can lose weight by eating a healthy diet and getting enough exercise. Let's talk about diet first.

6 Now, I'm not talking about a special diet where you eat only apples and lemons for a week-nothing like that! I'm talking about healthy eating habits-how you eat most of the time. According to government reports, these AUDIO SCRIPTS I 101 habits can keep your weight and your blood pressure down, and they can help to prevent heart disease. First, eat several servings of vegetables and fruits every day. Second, eat less salt and less sugar. Third, choose low-fat dairy products such as low-fat milk, yogurt, and cheese. Fourth, eat healthy protein foods such as fish and eat only small amounts of red meat. And fifth, choose whole grains when you eat foods such as bread and rice. These are things you can do every day-or at least most of the time.

7 I know-nobody is perfect, right? In addition, these healthy eating habits can help control your blood sugar. High blood sugar is another cause of heart disease. Now, let's talk about exercise. I suggest exercising at least four days every week, for at least 30 minutes. And not just easy exercise. You should be breathing hard, and your heart rate should be beating faster than usual. Not too fast, of course, but faster than usual. This will make your heart stronger and make you healthier. Besides high blood pressure and high blood sugar, another common cause of heart disease is smoking. I guess everyone knows it's a very unhealthy habit, and if you want to prevent heart disease, you have to quit smoking.

8 It's also important to get enough sleep, and to find healthy ways to deal with stress. After all, we have jobs and children and other things that make us feel stressed out. So, go for a walk or take a yoga class! Then make a healthy dinner for your family. If you do these things, you will be much less likely to have coronary heart disease in the future. Of course, some people do need medication to control their blood pressure or blood sugar, so it's important to visit your doctor regularly. All right .. are there any questions? .. Yes, the man in the back .. Exploring Spoken English Grammar: Adverbs of Frequency Track 7 A. Prior Knowledge Page 8 Manuel: I always drink plenty of water before I exercise.

9 Jenny: I never ride my bike without wearing a helmet. Samir: I usually warm up for five to 10 minutes before I exercise. Monica: My friends and I often bring healthy snacks such as fruit and peanuts when we go hiking. Erik: I always make sure to wear comfortable clothing. I don't want to be too hot or too cold. Speaking Track 8 C. Page 11 Hello, my name is Megan Schwarz. To stay healthy, I exercise-but not every day. I usually exercise four or five days a week. I also take vitamins every day. 102 I AUDIO SCRIPTS For exercise, I usually go jogging two or three times a And I also walk, of course-I walk to class every day, actually. Sometimes I go biking, but I don't have my own bike, so I can only ride on weekends in the park.

10 They rent bikes in the park on Saturdays and Sundays. In the future, I want to have a healthier diet. Now, I live in a very small apartment with no kitchen. I eat a lot of fast food because I can't cook for myself. After I graduate, I plan to move to a bigger apartment with a kitchen. I also want to buy my own bike, so I can bike every day .. Thank you very much. Lesson B Building Vocabulary Track 9 A. Meaning from Context Page 14 Allergies What are allergies? If you have a particular allergy to something, you become sick, or have an allergic reaction, when you eat. smell, or touch it. Many people have allergies to pollen. The diagram below shows what happens when there is an allergic reaction to pollen.