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Paul Cobbaut - linux-training.be

linux fundamentals Paul Cobbaut linux fundamentals Paul Cobbaut Publication date 2015-05-24 CEST. Abstract This book is meant to be used in an instructor-led training. For self-study, the intent is to read this book next to a working linux computer so you can immediately do every subject, practicing each command. This book is aimed at novice linux system administrators (and might be interesting and useful for home users that want to know a bit more about their linux system). However, this book is not meant as an introduction to linux desktop applications like text editors, browsers, mail clients, multimedia or office applications. More information and free .pdf available at . Feel free to contact the author: Paul Cobbaut : Contributors to the linux Training project are: Serge van Ginderachter: build scripts and infrastructure setup Ywein Van den Brande: license and legal sections Hendrik De Vloed: script We'd also like to thank our reviewers: Wouter Verhelst: Geert Goossens: geertgoossens Elie De Brauwer: Christophe Vandeplas: Bert Desmet: Rich Yonts: Copyright 2007-2015 Netsec BVBA, Paul Cobbaut Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.

Linux Fundamentals Paul Cobbaut Publication date 2015-05-24 CEST Abstract This book is meant to be used in an instructor-led training. For self-study, the intent is to read

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Transcription of Paul Cobbaut - linux-training.be

1 linux fundamentals Paul Cobbaut linux fundamentals Paul Cobbaut Publication date 2015-05-24 CEST. Abstract This book is meant to be used in an instructor-led training. For self-study, the intent is to read this book next to a working linux computer so you can immediately do every subject, practicing each command. This book is aimed at novice linux system administrators (and might be interesting and useful for home users that want to know a bit more about their linux system). However, this book is not meant as an introduction to linux desktop applications like text editors, browsers, mail clients, multimedia or office applications. More information and free .pdf available at . Feel free to contact the author: Paul Cobbaut : Contributors to the linux Training project are: Serge van Ginderachter: build scripts and infrastructure setup Ywein Van den Brande: license and legal sections Hendrik De Vloed: script We'd also like to thank our reviewers: Wouter Verhelst: Geert Goossens: geertgoossens Elie De Brauwer: Christophe Vandeplas: Bert Desmet: Rich Yonts: Copyright 2007-2015 Netsec BVBA, Paul Cobbaut Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.

2 A copy of the license is included in the section entitled 'GNU Free Documentation License'. Table of Contents I. introduction to linux .. 1. 1. linux history .. 3. 1969 .. 4. 1980s .. 4. 1990s .. 4. 2015 .. 5. 2. distributions .. 6. Red Hat .. 7. Ubuntu .. 7. Debian .. 7. Other .. 7. Which to choose ? .. 8. 3. licensing .. 9. about software licenses .. 10. public domain software and freeware .. 10. Free Software or Open Source Software .. 10. GNU General Public License .. 11. using GPLv3 software .. 11. BSD license .. 12. other licenses .. 12. combination of software licenses .. 12. II. installing linux .. 13. 4. installing Debian 8 .. 15. Debian .. 16. Downloading .. 16. virtualbox networking .. 32. setting the hostname .. 34. adding a static ip address .. 34. Debian package management .. 35. 5. installing CentOS 7 .. 36. download a CentOS 7 image .. 37. Virtualbox .. 39. CentOS 7 installing .. 44. CentOS 7 first logon .. 52. Virtualbox network interface.

3 53. configuring the network .. 54. adding one static ip address .. 54. package management .. 55. logon from linux and MacOSX .. 56. logon from MS Windows .. 56. 6. getting linux at home .. 58. download a linux CD image .. 59. download Virtualbox .. 59. create a virtual machine .. 60. attach the CD image .. 65. install linux .. 68. III. first steps on the command line .. 69. 7. man pages .. 71. man $command .. 72. man $configfile .. 72. man $daemon .. 72. man -k (apropos) .. 72. whatis .. 72. whereis .. 72. man sections .. 73. iii linux fundamentals man $section $file .. 73. man man .. 73. mandb .. 73. 8. working with directories .. 74. pwd .. 75. cd .. 75. absolute and relative paths .. 76. path completion .. 77. ls .. 77. mkdir .. 79. rmdir .. 79. practice: working with directories .. 81. solution: working with directories .. 82. 9. working with files .. 84. all files are case sensitive .. 85. everything is a file .. 85. file .. 85.

4 Touch .. 86. rm .. 87. cp .. 88. mv .. 89. rename .. 90. practice: working with files .. 91. solution: working with files .. 92. 10. working with file contents .. 94. head .. 95. tail .. 95. cat .. 96. tac .. 97. more and less .. 98. strings .. 98. practice: file contents .. 99. solution: file contents .. 100. 11. the linux file tree .. 101. filesystem hierarchy standard .. 102. man hier .. 102. the root directory / .. 102. binary directories .. 103. configuration directories .. 105. data directories .. 107. in memory directories .. 109. /usr Unix System Resources .. 114. /var variable data .. 116. practice: file system tree .. 118. solution: file system tree .. 120. IV. shell expansion .. 122. 12. commands and arguments .. 125. arguments .. 126. white space removal .. 126. single quotes .. 127. double quotes .. 127. echo and quotes .. 127. commands .. 128. aliases .. 129. displaying shell expansion .. 130. practice: commands and arguments.

5 131. solution: commands and arguments .. 133. 13. control operators .. 135. iv linux fundamentals ; semicolon .. 136. & ampersand .. 136. $? dollar question mark .. 136. && double ampersand .. 137. || double vertical bar .. 137. combining && and || .. 137. # pound sign .. 138. \ escaping special characters .. 138. practice: control operators .. 139. solution: control operators .. 140. 14. shell variables .. 141. $ dollar sign .. 142. case sensitive .. 142. creating variables .. 142. quotes .. 143. set .. 143. unset .. 143. $PS1 .. 144. $PATH .. 145. env .. 146. export .. 146. delineate variables .. 147. unbound variables .. 147. practice: shell variables .. 148. solution: shell variables .. 149. 15. shell embedding and options .. 150. shell embedding .. 151. shell options .. 152. practice: shell embedding .. 153. solution: shell embedding .. 154. 16. shell history .. 155. repeating the last command .. 156. repeating other commands.

6 156. history .. 156. !n .. 156. Ctrl-r .. 157. $HISTSIZE .. 157. $HISTFILE .. 157. $HISTFILESIZE .. 157. prevent recording a command .. 158. (optional)regular expressions .. 158. (optional) Korn shell history .. 158. practice: shell history .. 159. solution: shell history .. 160. 17. file globbing .. 161. * asterisk .. 162. ? question mark .. 162. [] square brackets .. 163. a-z and 0-9 ranges .. 164. $LANG and square brackets .. 164. preventing file globbing .. 165. practice: shell globbing .. 166. solution: shell globbing .. 167. V. pipes and commands .. 169. 18. I/O redirection .. 171. stdin, stdout, and stderr .. 172. output redirection .. 173. error redirection .. 175. v linux fundamentals output redirection and pipes .. 176. joining stdout and stderr .. 176. input redirection .. 177. confusing redirection .. 178. quick file clear .. 178. practice: input/output redirection .. 179. solution: input/output redirection .. 180. 19.

7 Filters .. 181. cat .. 182. tee .. 182. grep .. 182. cut .. 184. tr .. 184. wc .. 185. sort .. 186. uniq .. 187. comm .. 188. od .. 189. sed .. 190. pipe examples .. 191. practice: filters .. 192. solution: filters .. 193. 20. basic Unix tools .. 195. find .. 196. locate .. 197. date .. 197. cal .. 198. sleep .. 198. time .. 199. gzip - gunzip .. 200. zcat - zmore .. 200. bzip2 - bunzip2 .. 201. bzcat - bzmore .. 201. practice: basic Unix tools .. 202. solution: basic Unix tools .. 203. 21. regular expressions .. 205. regex versions .. 206. grep .. 207. rename .. 212. sed .. 215. bash history .. 219. VI. vi .. 220. 22. Introduction to vi .. 222. command mode and insert mode .. 223. start typing (a A i I o O) .. 223. replace and delete a character (r x X) .. 224. undo and repeat (u .) .. 224. cut, copy and paste a line (dd yy p P) .. 224. cut, copy and paste lines (3dd 2yy) .. 225. start and end of a line (0 or ^ and $) .. 225. join two lines (J) and more.

8 225. words (w b) .. 226. save (or not) and exit (:w :q :q! ) .. 226. Searching (/ ?) .. 226. replace all ( :1,$ s/foo/bar/g ) .. 227. reading files (:r :r !cmd) .. 227. text buffers .. 227. multiple files .. 227. vi linux fundamentals abbreviations .. 228. key mappings .. 229. setting options .. 229. practice: vi(m) .. 230. solution: vi(m) .. 231. VII. scripting .. 232. 23. scripting introduction .. 234. prerequisites .. 235. hello world .. 235. she-bang .. 235. comment .. 236. variables .. 236. sourcing a script .. 236. troubleshooting a script .. 237. prevent setuid root spoofing .. 237. practice: introduction to scripting .. 238. solution: introduction to scripting .. 239. 24. scripting loops .. 240. test [ ] .. 241. if then else .. 242. if then elif .. 242. for loop .. 242. while loop .. 243. until loop .. 243. practice: scripting tests and loops .. 244. solution: scripting tests and loops .. 245. 25. scripting parameters .. 247.

9 Script parameters .. 248. shift through parameters .. 249. runtime input .. 249. sourcing a config file .. 250. get script options with getopts .. 251. get shell options with shopt .. 252. practice: parameters and options .. 253. solution: parameters and options .. 254. 26. more scripting .. 255. eval .. 256. (( )) .. 256. let .. 257. case .. 258. shell functions .. 259. practice : more scripting .. 260. solution : more scripting .. 261. VIII. local user management .. 263. 27. introduction to users .. 266. whoami .. 267. who .. 267. who am i .. 267. w .. 267. id .. 267. su to another user .. 268. su to root .. 268. su as root .. 268. su - $username .. 268. su - .. 268. run a program as another user .. 269. visudo .. 269. sudo su - .. 270. vii linux fundamentals sudo logging .. 270. practice: introduction to users .. 271. solution: introduction to users .. 272. 28. user management .. 274. user management .. 275. /etc/passwd .. 275. root.

10 275. useradd .. 276. /etc/default/useradd .. 276. userdel .. 276. usermod .. 276. creating home directories .. 277. /etc/skel/ .. 277. deleting home directories .. 277. login shell .. 278. chsh .. 278. practice: user management .. 279. solution: user management .. 280. 29. user passwords .. 282. passwd .. 283. shadow file .. 283. encryption with passwd .. 284. encryption with openssl .. 284. encryption with crypt .. 285. / .. 286. chage .. 286. disabling a password .. 287. editing local files .. 287. practice: user passwords .. 288. solution: user passwords .. 289. 30. user profiles .. 291. system profile .. 292. ~/.bash_profile .. 292. ~/.bash_login .. 293. ~/.profile .. 293. ~/.bashrc .. 293. ~/.bash_logout .. 294. Debian overview .. 295. RHEL5 overview .. 295. practice: user profiles .. 296. solution: user profiles .. 297. 31. groups .. 298. groupadd .. 299. group file .. 299. groups .. 299. usermod .. 300. groupmod .. 300. groupdel.


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