Pavement Marking Handbook - Search

1 Pavement Marking Handbook revised August 2004. 2004 by Texas Department of Transportation (512) 302-2453 all rights reserved Manual Notice 2004-1. From: Carlos A. Lopez, Manual: Pavement Marking Handbook Effective Date: August 01, 2004. Purpose This Handbook provides information on material selection, installation, and inspection guidelines for Pavement markings. It is targeted for two audiences engineering personnel and field person- nel. The portion for engineering personnel provides information on selecting Pavement Marking materials for various applications. The portion for field personnel provides information on pave- ment Marking installation and inspection. Additional information about txdot specifications, procedures, and standards applicable to Pavement markings are included in an appendix.

2 The man- ual may be used by designers to help with Pavement Marking material selection and inspectors in the field. Instructions This is a new manual, and it does not replace any existing documents. Contents Cover Table of Contents Chapters 1 through 3. Appendix A & B. Review History This manual is the product of a Texas Department of Transportation ( txdot ) research project. The txdot project director is Greg Brinkmeyer of the Traffic Operations Division. The research supervisor is Gene Hawkins of the Texas Transportation Institute (TTI). Tim Gates and Liz Rose of TTI developed most of the material in the Handbook . Wade Odell was the research liaison engineer for the txdot Research and Technology Implementation office .

3 This Handbook became a reality because numerous individuals were willing to contribute their time, ideas, and comments during the development process. Special credit should be given to a group of txdot staff who meet on a regular basis to review drafts and develop material for the Handbook . Through the life of this project, these individuals have included the following: Greg Brinkmeyer, txdot , Traffic Operations Division, Project Director Susan Atkins, txdot , San Antonio District Larry Colclasure, txdot , Waco District Rick Collins, txdot , Research and Technology Implementation office Rodney Cox, txdot , Abilene District Mickey Dammann, txdot , Construction Division, Materials Section Peter Eng, txdot , Tyler District Paul Frerich, txdot , Yoakum District Dock Gee, txdot , Houston District Tommy Holcomb, txdot , Childress District Jerry Howell, txdot , Construction Division, Materials Section Catarino Mendoza, txdot , San Antonio District Johnnie Miller, txdot , Construction Division, Materials Section Wade Odell, txdot .

4 Research and Technology Implementation office Bart Sherrill, txdot , Childress District Herb Smart, txdot , Construction Division, Materials Section Matt Smith, txdot , Wichita Falls District Brian Stanford, txdot , Traffic Operations Division Sally Wegmann, txdot , Houston District Larry White, txdot , Tyler District. Contact Address questions concerning information in this manual notice to Greg Brinkmeyer, Traffic Oper- ations Division (TRF), 512-416-3120. Archives Past manual notices are available in a pdf archive. Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction Section 1 Overview .. 1-2. Introduction .. 1-2. Structure of this Handbook .. 1-2. Section 2 Handbook Information .. 1-3. Purpose of Handbook .

5 1-3. Status of Handbook .. 1-3. Application of Handbook Guidelines .. 1-3. Handbook Content .. 1-3. Section 3 Relation to Other Documents .. 1-5. References to Other Documents .. 1-5. Other txdot Documents .. 1-5. Chapter 2 Material Selection Section 1 Overview .. 2-2. Introduction .. 2-2. Additional Information .. 2-2. Section 2 External Factors that Influence Marking Performance .. 2-4. Introduction .. 2-4. Roadway Surface Characteristics .. 2-4. Traffic .. 2-9. Environmental .. 2-9. Section 3 Pavement Surface Preparation .. 2-11. Introduction .. 2-11. Compatibility of Materials for Restripe Situations .. 2-11. Marking Removal Methods .. 2-12. Primer-Sealers .. 2-13. Section 4 Pavement Marking Material Descriptions.

6 2-14. Introduction .. 2-14. Summary of Material Use .. 2-15. Supplemental Material Performance Information .. 2-16. Thermoplastic Markings .. 2-16. Thermoplastic Marking Material Characteristics .. 2-17. Thermoplastic Marking Application Methods.. 2-18. Thermoplastic Marking Surface Preparation .. 2-19. Thermoplastic Marking Effect of Pavement Surface on Performance.. 2-20. Thermoplastic Marking Effect of Traffic on Performance.. 2-21. Pavement Marking Handbook i txdot 08/2004. Thermoplastic Marking Environmental Effects on Performance.. 2-22. Thermoplastic Marking Use Summary .. 2-22. Water-Based Paint .. 2-23. Water-Based Paint Material Characteristics.. 2-23. Water-Based Paint Application.

7 2-24. Water-Based Paint Performance .. 2-25. Water-Based Paint Use Summary .. 2-26. Preformed Tapes .. 2-26. Preformed Tapes Material Characteristics .. 2-27. Preformed Tapes Application .. 2-28. Preformed Tapes Removal .. 2-28. Preformed Tapes Performance .. 2-29. Preformed Tapes Use Summary .. 2-29. Epoxy.. 2-30. Epoxy Performance .. 2-30. Epoxy Use Summary .. 2-32. Other Materials .. 2-32. Polyurea .. 2-32. Modified Urethane.. 2-34. Ceramic Buttons .. 2-34. Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) .. 2-35. Profiled Thermoplastic .. 2-36. Contrast Markings .. 2-37. Heated-in-Place Thermoplastic (Shortline Applications) .. 2-39. Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markings .. 2-40. Section 5 Glass Beads.

8 2-41. Introduction .. 2-41. Bead Types .. 2-41. Bead Coatings .. 2-41. Bead Application Properties .. 2-42. Bead Manufacturing-Controlled Properties.. 2-42. Bead Size .. 2-42. Refractive Index.. 2-43. Clarity and Roundness.. 2-43. Section 6 Retroreflectivity Performance Specifications for Contracts .. 2-45. Introduction .. 2-45. Performance Factors .. 2-45. Basis for Specification Compliance.. 2-45. Section 7 Material Selection Guide .. 2-47. Pavement Marking Handbook ii txdot 08/2004. Introduction .. 2-47. Material Selection Tables .. 2-47. Chapter 3 Installation and Inspection Section 1 Overview .. 3-2. Introduction .. 3-2. Section 2 Preliminary Items .. 3-3. Pre-construction Meeting.

9 3-3. Field Documentation Items .. 3-3. Section 3 Pre-installation Inspections .. 3-5. Introduction .. 3-5. Surface Moisture .. 3-5. Dirt and Debris .. 3-5. Air and Pavement Temperature .. 3-6. Material Temperature .. 3-6. Lateral Placement Guides for New Pavement Surfaces .. 3-6. Striping Equipment .. 3-7. Traffic Control .. 3-8. Section 4 Inspection During Application .. 3-9. Introduction .. 3-9. Thickness .. 3-9. Width .. 3-10. Color .. 3-11. Glass Bead Application Properties .. 3-11. Nighttime Appearance .. 3-14. Material Disposal.. 3-16. Solutions to Common Problems Associated with Various Striping Applications .. 3-17. Section 5 Final Acceptance.. 3-18. Section 6 Determining When To Restripe.

10 3-19. Introduction .. 3-19. Determining End-of-Service Life .. 3-19. Minimum In-Service Retroreflectivity Guidelines .. 3-20. Appendix A Visibility and Retroreflectivity Section 1 Overview .. A-2. Section 2 General Retroreflectivity Concepts.. A-3. Introduction .. A-3. Factors Influencing Retroreflectivity.. A-3. Section 3 Driver Needs .. A-5. Pavement Marking Handbook iii txdot 08/2004. Introduction .. A-5. Factors Related to Driver Retroreflectivity Needs .. A-5. Suggestions from Research Literature.. A-6. Section 4 Portable Retroreflectometers.. A-7. Introduction .. A-7. Handheld vs. Mobile Units .. A-7. Section 5 Pavement Marking Management Programs .. A-9. Introduction .. A-9.