Pavement Marking Handbook - Texas Department of …

1 Pavement Marking Handbook Revised August 2004. 2004 by Texas Department of transportation (512) 302-2453 all rights reserved Manual Notice 2004-1. From: Carlos A. Lopez, Manual: Pavement Marking Handbook Effective Date: August 01, 2004. Purpose This Handbook provides information on material selection, installation, and inspection guidelines for Pavement markings. It is targeted for two audiences engineering personnel and field person- nel. The portion for engineering personnel provides information on selecting Pavement Marking materials for various applications. The portion for field personnel provides information on pave- ment Marking installation and inspection.

2 Additional information about txdot specifications, procedures, and standards applicable to Pavement markings are included in an appendix. The man- ual may be used by designers to help with Pavement Marking material selection and inspectors in the field. Instructions This is a new manual, and it does not replace any existing documents. Contents Cover Table of Contents Chapters 1 through 3. Appendix A & B. Review History This manual is the product of a Texas Department of transportation ( txdot ) research project. The txdot project director is Greg Brinkmeyer of the Traffic Operations Division. The research supervisor is Gene Hawkins of the Texas transportation Institute (TTI).

3 Tim Gates and Liz Rose of TTI developed most of the material in the Handbook . Wade Odell was the research liaison engineer for the txdot Research and Technology Implementation Office. This Handbook became a reality because numerous individuals were willing to contribute their time, ideas, and comments during the development process. Special credit should be given to a group of txdot staff who meet on a regular basis to review drafts and develop material for the Handbook . Through the life of this project, these individuals have included the following: Greg Brinkmeyer, txdot , Traffic Operations Division, Project Director Susan Atkins, txdot , San Antonio district Larry Colclasure, txdot , Waco district Rick Collins, txdot , Research and Technology Implementation Office Rodney Cox, txdot , Abilene district Mickey Dammann, txdot , Construction Division, Materials Section Peter Eng, txdot , Tyler district Paul Frerich, txdot , Yoakum district Dock Gee, txdot , Houston district Tommy Holcomb, txdot , Childress district Jerry Howell, txdot , Construction Division, Materials Section Catarino Mendoza, txdot , San Antonio district Johnnie Miller, txdot , Construction Division, Materials Section Wade Odell, txdot .

4 Research and Technology Implementation Office Bart Sherrill, txdot , Childress district Herb Smart, txdot , Construction Division, Materials Section Matt Smith, txdot , Wichita Falls district Brian Stanford, txdot , Traffic Operations Division Sally Wegmann, txdot , Houston district Larry White, txdot , Tyler district . Contact Address questions concerning information in this manual notice to Greg Brinkmeyer, Traffic Oper- ations Division (TRF), 512-416-3120. Archives Past manual notices are available in a pdf archive. Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction Section 1 Overview .. 1-2. Introduction .. 1-2. Structure of this Handbook .. 1-2. Section 2 Handbook Information.

5 1-3. Purpose of Handbook .. 1-3. Status of Handbook .. 1-3. Application of Handbook Guidelines .. 1-3. Handbook Content .. 1-3. Section 3 Relation to Other Documents .. 1-5. References to Other Documents .. 1-5. Other txdot Documents .. 1-5. Chapter 2 Material Selection Section 1 Overview .. 2-2. Introduction .. 2-2. Additional Information .. 2-2. Section 2 External Factors that Influence Marking Performance .. 2-4. Introduction .. 2-4. Roadway Surface Characteristics .. 2-4. Traffic .. 2-9. Environmental .. 2-9. Section 3 Pavement Surface Preparation .. 2-11. Introduction .. 2-11. Compatibility of Materials for Restripe Situations .. 2-11. Marking Removal Methods.

6 2-12. Primer-Sealers .. 2-13. Section 4 Pavement Marking Material Descriptions .. 2-14. Introduction .. 2-14. Summary of Material Use .. 2-15. Supplemental Material Performance Information .. 2-16. Thermoplastic Markings .. 2-16. Thermoplastic Marking Material Characteristics .. 2-17. Thermoplastic Marking Application Methods.. 2-18. Thermoplastic Marking Surface Preparation .. 2-19. Thermoplastic Marking Effect of Pavement Surface on Performance.. 2-20. Thermoplastic Marking Effect of Traffic on Performance.. 2-21. Pavement Marking Handbook i txdot 08/2004. Thermoplastic Marking Environmental Effects on Performance.. 2-22. Thermoplastic Marking Use Summary.

7 2-22. Water-Based Paint .. 2-23. Water-Based Paint Material Characteristics.. 2-23. Water-Based Paint Application .. 2-24. Water-Based Paint Performance .. 2-25. Water-Based Paint Use Summary .. 2-26. Preformed Tapes .. 2-26. Preformed Tapes Material Characteristics .. 2-27. Preformed Tapes Application .. 2-28. Preformed Tapes Removal .. 2-28. Preformed Tapes Performance .. 2-29. Preformed Tapes Use Summary .. 2-29. Epoxy.. 2-30. Epoxy Performance .. 2-30. Epoxy Use Summary .. 2-32. Other Materials .. 2-32. Polyurea .. 2-32. Modified Urethane.. 2-34. Ceramic Buttons .. 2-34. Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) .. 2-35. Profiled Thermoplastic .. 2-36. Contrast Markings.

8 2-37. Heated-in-Place Thermoplastic (Shortline Applications) .. 2-39. Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markings .. 2-40. Section 5 Glass Beads .. 2-41. Introduction .. 2-41. Bead Types .. 2-41. Bead Coatings .. 2-41. Bead Application Properties .. 2-42. Bead Manufacturing-Controlled Properties.. 2-42. Bead Size .. 2-42. Refractive Index.. 2-43. Clarity and Roundness.. 2-43. Section 6 Retroreflectivity Performance Specifications for Contracts .. 2-45. Introduction .. 2-45. Performance Factors .. 2-45. Basis for Specification Compliance.. 2-45. Section 7 Material Selection Guide .. 2-47. Pavement Marking Handbook ii txdot 08/2004. Introduction .. 2-47. Material Selection Tables.

9 2-47. Chapter 3 Installation and Inspection Section 1 Overview .. 3-2. Introduction .. 3-2. Section 2 Preliminary Items .. 3-3. Pre-construction Meeting.. 3-3. Field Documentation Items .. 3-3. Section 3 Pre-installation Inspections .. 3-5. Introduction .. 3-5. Surface Moisture .. 3-5. Dirt and Debris .. 3-5. Air and Pavement Temperature .. 3-6. Material Temperature .. 3-6. Lateral Placement Guides for New Pavement Surfaces .. 3-6. Striping Equipment .. 3-7. Traffic Control .. 3-8. Section 4 Inspection During Application .. 3-9. Introduction .. 3-9. Thickness .. 3-9. Width .. 3-10. Color .. 3-11. Glass Bead Application Properties .. 3-11. Nighttime Appearance.

10 3-14. Material Disposal.. 3-16. Solutions to Common Problems Associated with Various Striping Applications .. 3-17. Section 5 Final Acceptance.. 3-18. Section 6 Determining When To Restripe .. 3-19. Introduction .. 3-19. Determining End-of-Service Life .. 3-19. Minimum In-Service Retroreflectivity Guidelines .. 3-20. Appendix A Visibility and Retroreflectivity Section 1 Overview .. A-2. Section 2 General Retroreflectivity Concepts.. A-3. Introduction .. A-3. Factors Influencing Retroreflectivity.. A-3. Section 3 Driver Needs .. A-5. Pavement Marking Handbook iii txdot 08/2004. Introduction .. A-5. Factors Related to Driver Retroreflectivity Needs .. A-5. Suggestions from Research Literature.