PDF Reference, version 1 - PDFill

1 pdf reference fifth edition Adobe Portable Document Format version Adobe Systems Incorporated 1985 2004 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All rights reserved. pdf reference , fifth edition: Adobe Portable Document Format version : All information contained herein is the property of Adobe Systems Incorporated. No part of this publication (whether in hardcopy or electronic form) may be reproduced, stored ina retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo-copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Adobe Systems Incorpo-rated. Please note that the content in this guide is protected under copyright law even if it is notdistributed with software that includes an end user license agreement. Adobe, the Adobe logo, Acrobat, the Acrobat logo, Acrobat Capture, Adobe Garamond, AdobeIntelligent Document Platform, Adobe PDF, Adobe Reader, Adobe Solutions Network, Aldus, Dis-tiller, ePaper, Extreme, FrameMaker, Illustrator, InDesign, Minion, Myriad, PageMaker, Photo-shop, Poetica, PostScript, and XMP are either registered trademarks or trademarks of AdobeSystems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries.

2 Microsoft and Windows areeither registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/orother countries. Apple, Mac, Macintosh, and Power Macintosh are trademarks of Apple Computer,Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. IBM is a registered trademark of IBMC orporation in the United States. Sun is a trademark or registered trademark of Sun Microsys-tems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. UNIX is a registered trademark of The OpenGroup. SVG is a trademark of the World Wide Web Consortium; marks of the W3C are registeredand held by its host institutions MIT, INRIA and Keio. Helvetica and Times are registered trade-marks of Linotype-Hell AG and/or its subsidiaries. Arial and Times New Roman are trademarks ofThe Monotype Corporation registered in the Patent and Trademark Office and may be regis-tered in certain other jurisdictions.

3 ITC Zapf Dingbats is a registered trademark of InternationalTypeface Corporation. Ryumin Light is a trademark of Morisawa & Co., Ltd. All other trademarksare the property of their respective owners. All instances of the name PostScript in the text are references to the PostScript language as definedby Adobe Systems Incorporated unless otherwise stated. The name PostScript also is used as aproduct trademark for Adobe Systems implementation of the PostScript language as otherwise stated, any mention of a PostScript output device, PostScript printer, Post-Script software, or similar item refers to a product that contains PostScript technology created orlicensed by Adobe Systems Incorporated, not to one that purports to be merely publication and the information herein are furnished AS IS, are furnished for informationaluse only, are subject to change without notice, and should not be construed as a commitment byAdobe Systems Incorporated.

4 Adobe Systems Incorporated assumes no responsibility or liabilityfor any errors or inaccuracies that may appear in the informational content contained in thisguide, makes no warranty of any kind (express, implied, or statutory) with respect to this publica-tion, and expressly disclaims any and all warranties of merchantability, fitness for particular pur-poses, and noninfringement of third-party rights. Please remember that existing artwork or images that you may want to include in your project maybe protected under copyright law. The unauthorized incorporation of such material into your newwork could be a violation of the rights of the copyright owner. Please be sure to obtain any permis-sion required from the copyright owner. Any references to company names in sample templatesare for demonstration purposes only and are not intended to refer to any actual organization.

5 Iii Contents Preface xxi Chapter 1: Introduction This to PDF to PDF Property7 Chapter 2: Overview General and the PostScript Language21 Chapter 3: Syntax Streams and Data Specifications151 Chapter 4: Graphics Construction and Content334 Contents iv Chapter 5: Text and Use of State Parameters and to Font Data Font of Text Content440 Chapter 6: Rendering Color to Device among Device Color Conversion Details478 Chapter 7: Transparency of Compositing Transparency in Space and Rendering Issues529 Chapter 8: Interactive Features Properties703 Chapter 9: Multimedia Features Artwork746 Contents v Chapter 10: Document Interchange Support890 Appendix A: Operator Summary 913 Appendix B: Operators in Type 4 Functions , Boolean, and Bitwise Operators918 Appendix C: Implementation Limits 919 Appendix D: Character Sets and Encodings Character Set and Set and Set and Set and Encoding935 Appendix E: PDF Name Registry 937 Appendix F: Linearized PDF and PDF Document Strategies969 Appendix G: Example PDF Files PDF Text String Graphics Tree Hierarchy Example992 Contents vi Appendix H: Compatibility and Implementation Notes version Notes1005 Appendix I.

6 Computation of Object Digests Object Computation1039 Color Plates 1045 Bibliography 1057 Index 1065 vii Figures Creating PDF files using the Adobe PDF printer20 Creating PDF files using Acrobat Distiller21 PDF components24 Initial structure of a PDF file67 structure of an updated PDF file76 Public-key encryption algorithm105 structure of a PDF document113 Inheritance of attributes124 Mapping with the Decode array146 Graphics objects167 Device space170 User space172 Relationships among coordinate systems174 Effects of coordinate transformations175 Effect of transformation order176 Miter length187 Cubic B zier curve generated by the c operator198 Cubic B zier curves generated by the v and y operators199 Nonzero winding number rule203 Even-odd rule204 Color specification208 Color rendering209 Component transformations in a CIE-based ABC color space215 Component transformations in a CIE-based A color space216 Starting a new triangle in a free-form Gouraud-shaded triangle mesh286 Connecting triangles in a free-form Gouraud-shaded triangle mesh287 Varying the value of the edge flag to create different shapes288 Lattice-form triangle meshes289 Coordinate mapping from a unit square to a four-sided Coons patch292 Painted area and boundary of a Coons patch293 Color values and edge flags in Coons patch meshes295 Edge connections in a Coons patch mesh296 Control points in a tensor-product patch298 Typical sampled image304 Source image coordinate system308 Mapping the source image308 Glyphs painted in 50% gray361 Figures viii Glyph outlines treated as a stroked path362 Graphics clipped by a glyph path363 Glyph metrics364 Metrics for horizontal and vertical

7 Writing modes366 Character spacing in horizontal writing369 Word spacing in horizontal writing369 Horizontal scaling370 Leading370 Text rise373 Operation of the TJ operator in horizontal writing378 Output from Example 394 Characteristics represented in the Flags entry of a font descriptor430 Various halftoning effects464 Halftone cell with a nonzero angle470 Angled halftone cell divided into two squares471 Halftone cell and two squares tiled across device space471 Tiling of device space in a type 16 halftone473 Flatness tolerance479 Rasterization without stroke adjustment482 Presentation timing565 Open annotation569 Coordinate adjustment with the NoRotate flag575 Free text annotation with callout590 Leader lines592 Lines with captions592 Square and circle annotations594 QuadPoints specification597 FDF file structure671 Default view of artwork756 Annotation 2 rotated756 Shared artwork (annotations 2 &3) modified756 Rotation around the center of orbit759 Perspective projection of 3D artwork onto the near plane762 Objects projected onto the near clipping plane, as seen from the position of the camera762 Positioning and scaling the near plane onto the annotation s 3D view box763 3D annotation positioned on the page 763 Simple Web Capture file structure876 Complex Web Capture file structure877 Page boundaries892 Trapping example902 Output of Example Figures ix Page tree for Example Document outline as displayed in Example Document outline as displayed in Example Plate 1 Additive and subtractive color (Section , Device Color Spaces, page 211) Plate 2 Uncalibrated color (Section , CIE-Based Color Spaces, page 214)

8 Plate 3 Lab color space ( Lab Color Spaces, page 220) Plate 4 Color gamuts ( Lab Color Spaces, page 220) Plate 5 Rendering intents ( Rendering Intents, page 230) Plate 6 Duotone image ( DeviceN Color Spaces, page 238) Plate 7 Quadtone image ( DeviceN Color Spaces, page 238) Plate 8 Colored tiling pattern ( Colored Tiling Patterns, page 265) Plate 9 Uncolored tiling pattern ( Uncolored Tiling Patterns, page 269)Plate 10 Axial shading ( Type 2 (Axial) Shadings, page 280)Plate 11 Radial shadings depicting a cone ( Type 3 (Radial) Shadings, page 282)Plate 12 Radial shadings depicting a sphere ( Type 3 (Radial) Shadings, page 283)Plate 13 Radial shadings with extension ( Type 3 (Radial) Shadings, page 283)Plate 14 Radial shading effect ( Type 3 (Radial) Shadings, page 283)Plate 15 Coons patch mesh ( Type 6 Shadings (Coons Patch Meshes), page 291)Plate 16 Transparency groups (Section , Overview of Transparency, page 485)Plate 17 Isolated and knockout groups (Sections , Isolated Groups, page 507and , Knockout Groups, page 508)Plate 18 RGB blend modes (Section , Blend Mode, page 490)Plate 19 CMYK blend modes (Section , Blend Mode, page 490)Plate 20 Blending and overprinting ( Compatibility with Opaque Overprinting, page 537)

9 Sequences in literal of literal names using the # common to all stream LZW encoding parameters for LZWD ecode and FlateDecode parameters for the CCITTFaxDecode parameter for the JBIG2 Decode parameter for the DCTD ecode parameters for Crypt in the file trailer entries specific to an object stream entries specific to a cross- reference stream in a cross- reference entries in a hybrid- reference file s trailer common to all encryption encryption dictionary entries for the standard security access encryption dictionary entries for public-key security common to all crypt filter crypt filter crypt filter dictionary entries for public-key security in the catalog entries in a page tree in a page in the name in a resource data in a name tree node in a number tree node dictionary139Ta b l e common to all function entries specific to a type 0 function entries specific to a type 2 function entries specific to a type 3 function in type 4 of file in a file specification entries in an embedded file stream in an embedded file parameter in a Mac OS file information graphics state graphics state cap join of line dash state in a graphics state parameter construction path space in a CalGray color space in a CalRGB color space in a Lab color space entries specific to an ICC profile stream specification versions supported by ICCB ased color profile for typical ICC color in a DeviceN color space attributes in a DeviceN process in a DeviceN mixing hints entries specific to a type 1 pattern in a type 2 pattern common to all shading entries specific to a type 1 shading entries specific to a type 2 shading entries specific

10 To a type 3 shading entries specific to a type 4 shading entries specific to a type 5 shading dictionary290Ta b l e entries specific to a type 6 shading values in a Coons patch values in a tensor-product patch entries specific to a PostScript XObject entries specific to an image Decode in an alternate image image in an inline image abbreviations in an inline image entries specific to a type 1 form common to all group attributes in a reference in an optional content group in an optional content membership in the optional content properties in an optional content configuration in an optional content usage in a usage application state state rendering object in a Type 1 font in a Type 3 font 3 font in an encoding between MacRomanEncoding and Mac OS Roman in a CIDS ystemInfo in a CIDFont CJK CMap collections for predefined CMaps, by PDF entries in a CMap in a Type 0 font common to all font font descriptor entries for classes in CJK fonts433Ta b l e font organization for various font entries in an embedded font stream spot halftone in a type 1 halftone entries specific to a type 6 halftone entries specific to a type 10 halftone entries specific to a type 16 halftone in a type 5 halftone used in the basic co