Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Emergent ...

1 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Emergent Contaminant Issues in MichiganJohn M. CuthbertsonDorin Bogdan, PhDAECOM Technical Workshop Series: PFASAECOM Technical Workshop Series: PFAS2 What is an Emerging Contaminant?Chemicals and materials that have pathways to enter the environment and present real or potential unacceptable human health or environmental eitherDo not have peer-reviewed human health standardsorStandards/regulations are evolving due to new science, detection capabilities or pathwaysAECOM Technical Workshop Series: PFAS3 PFAS s1940 s1950 sTeflon accidentally discovered in 1938 Teflon used in the Manhattan Project for the development of the atomic bombConsumer and industrial products (Polymers)Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) is developed1960 sAECOM Technical Workshop Series: PFAS1970 sUse of PFAS significantly expands in different and Evolution2000 sGlobal distribution of certain PFAS in biota Voluntary phase out of productsIncreased public scrutinyChanging regulatory climateLawsuit settlementsDevelopment and use of new PFASC urrentAECOM Technical Workshop Series: PFAS5 Terminology Evolution: PFCs vs.

2 PFASThe terminology and classifications of these compounds have evolved Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs) Past Per-and PolyfluoroalkylSubstances (PFAS) -CurrentPFCPFASP erfluorinatedAll carbon atoms fully fluorinatedPolyfluorinatedSome carbons are not fully fluorinated AECOM Technical Workshop Series: PFAS6 Chemical Properties Per All of the C-H groups are replaced by C-F Carbon-fluorine bonds Very strong, inert Resistant to thermal, chemical, and biological degradation Surfactant, reduce surface tension Hydrophobic andoleophobic(repel water andoil/fat/grease)HydrophobicHydrophilic Functional GroupAECOM Technical Workshop Series: PFAS7 PFAS Chemical Enhancement1967 USS Forrestal fire(Protein Foam)1978 DC-10 Crash (AFFF PFAS Foam)AECOM Technical Workshop Series: PFAS8 Industrial Use of PFASC hemicals and PharmaceuticalsElectronicsAerospaceAppar elBuilding and ConstructionAqueous Film Forming FoamSemiconductorsOil & GasEnergyHealthcare and HospitalsAECOM Technical Workshop Series: PFAS9 Increased Interest on PFASPFAS in RED are those that have been restricted under national/regional/global regulatory or voluntarily frameworks, with or without specific exemptions.

3 Wang et al., 2017 ES&TAECOM Technical Workshop Series: PFAS10 Increased PFAS ApplicationsNumber of approved patents per monthin the USA with perfluoro in the patent textAECOM Technical Workshop Series: PFAS11 Exposure and Potential Health Effects Endocrine/thyroid effects Changes in cholesterol Liver cell effects Decreased body and organ weights TumorsPrimary human exposure pathwaysDrinking WaterDietary ingestionWide range of observed effects:AECOM Technical Workshop Series: PFAS12 Statewide PFAS Investigations in Michigan2010-2014 SW & Fish Sampling2011 State of Knowledge2001 SW SamplingAECOM Technical Workshop Series: PFAS13 Potential PFAS Discharges in MichiganSurface Water GroundwaterAECOM Technical Workshop Series: PFAS No regulatory or environmental concerns Initial environmental concerns documented US EPA Provisional Health Advisory (HA) (PFOA = 400 ppt, PFOS = 200 ppt) Individual states developing criteria US EPA Lifetime HA (PFOA, PFOS, or PFOA + PFOS = 70 ppt)14 Regulatory Climate1930 s - 20002001 - 20092010 - 2017 AECOM Technical Workshop Series: PFAS15 PFAS News in MichiganAECOM Technical Workshop Series: PFAS16 Regulatory DirectionInitial PFAS manufacturersCurrent Department of Defense (AFFF)Next?

4 Other AFFF users? Landfills, WWTPs? End user manufacturers?AECOM Technical Workshop Series: PFAS17 Proposed Michigan Part 201 CriteriaResidential Drinking WaterNon-ResidentialDrinking WaterGroundwater-Surface Water InterfacePFOA70 8970 28012,000 PFOS70 8070 66012 Units : Water = ng/L (ppt)AECOM Technical Workshop Series: PFAS18 Dealing with Part Per Trillion LevelsNote: 1 Olympic Pool = 660,000 gallons1 ppt = 1 drop ( mL) in 20 Olympic Swimming PoolsAECOM Technical Workshop Series: PFAS19 ChallengesAnalytical Methodology Detection limits Cost $ Turnaround timesSampling Stringent SOPs Cross contamination Decon waterInvestigation/ Remediation Potential sources Widespread Treatment options Potential re-openerAECOM Technical Workshop Series: PFAS20 Potential Re-OpenerAECOM Technical Workshop Series: PFAS21 Key Take Away PointsUnlike contaminants we re familiar withoWidespread / mobileoPotential health risks oDifficult to remediateEvolving QuicklyoRegulations, policy, laboratory analysis, toxicity, fate & transport, treatment technologies are evolving quickly Other ConsiderationsoMedia / Residents / Public perceptionAECOM Technical Workshop Series: PFAST hank You!

5 John M. CuthbertsonMidwest PFAS Practice LeadoGrand Rapids, MIo(616) Bogdan, PhD PFAS Technical Practice Group LeaderoGrand Rapids, MIo(616)