PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS AND GASES

1 Elsevier US Job Code:CAPA Chapter:0capaappC 22-12-2006 5:31 Page:827 in 11 in Appendix C. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS AND GASES . TABLES OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS AND C-18 Solubility of Naphthenes in Water GASES C-19 Solubility of Nitrogen Compounds in Water C-20 Henry's Law Constant for Nitrogen Compounds in C-1 Density of LIQUIDS Water C-2 Viscosity of Gas C-21 Coef cient of Thermal Expansion of LIQUIDS C-3 Viscosity of LIQUIDS C-22 Adsorption Capacity of Activated Carbon C-4 Heat Capacity of Gas C-5 Heat Capacity of Liquid C-6 Thermal Conductivity of Gas C-7 Thermal Conductivity of LIQUIDS and Solids FURTHER READING. C-8 Surface Tension of Organic LIQUIDS C-9 Vapor Pressure 1. Yaws, , Chemical PROPERTIES Handbook: PHYSICAL , Thermo- C-10 Enthalpy of Vaporization dynamic, Environmental, Transport, Safety, and Health Related C-11 Enthalpy of Formation PROPERTIES for Organic and Inorganic Chemicals, McGraw-Hill, C-12 Gibbs Energy of Formation 1995.

2 C-13 Solubility in Salt Water 2. Yaws, , Hopper, and Pike, Calculating Solubility and C-14 Solubility of Organic Compounds in Water as a Henry's Law Constants for GASES in Water , Chem. Eng., Jun 1999, Function of Temperature p. 102. C-15 Henry's Law Constant for GASES in Water as a Function 3. Yaws, , Hopper, Sunil R. Mishra, and Pike, Solubility of Temperature and Henry's Law Constants for Amines in Water , Chem. Eng., Aug C-16 Solubility of Selected GASES in Water as a Function of 2001, p. 84. Temperature 4. Yaws, , P. Bajaj, H. Singh, and Pike, Solubility and Henry's C-17 Solubility of Sulfur Compounds in Water as a Function Law Constants for Sulfur Compounds in Water , Chem. Eng., Aug 2003, of Boiling Point for Mercaptans and Aromatics p. 60. 827. Fonts used:Times & Universal 55 family Margins:Top:3p6 Gutter:4p6 Font Size:9/10 pt Text Width:41p6 Depth:65 Lines Elsevier US Job Code:CAPA Chapter:0capaappC 22-12-2006 5:31 Page:828 in 11 in 828 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS AND GASES .

3 TABLE C-1 Density of LIQUIDS L = A B (1 T/Tc)n ( L g/ml, T K). No. Formula Substance A B n Tc Tmin Tmax L at 25 C. 1 C2H3Cl3 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 2 C2H3Cl3 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 3 C2H4Cl2 1,1-Dichloroethane 4 C2H4Cl2 1,2-Dichloroethane 5 C4H6 1,3-Butadiene 6 C4H8O2 1,4-Dioxane 7 C4H10O 1-Butanol (n-Butanol) 8 C4H8 1-Butene 9 C10H20 1-Decene 10 C9H20 1-Nonane (n-Nonane) 11 C8H16 1-Octene 12 C3H8O 1-Propanol (n-Propanol) 13 C2H4O Acetaldehyde 14 C2H4O2 Acetic acid 15 C4H6O3 Acetic anhydride 16 C3H6O Acetone 17 C3H4O2 Acrylic acid 18 NH3 Ammonia 19 C6H7N Aniline 20 C6H6 Benzene 21 C4H8O2 Butyric acid 22 CS2 Carbon disulfide 23 CO2 Carbon dioxide 24 CO Carbon monoxide . 25 CC14 Carbon tetrachloride 26 Cl2 Chlorine 27 CHC13 Chloroform 28 C6H12 Cyclohexane 29 C6H12O Cyclohexanol 30 C3H6 Cyclopropane 31 CH2C12 Dichloromethane 32 C4H10O Diethyl ether 33 C5H10O Diethyl ketone 34 C2H7N Dimethylamine 35 C2H6 Ethane 36 C2H6O Ethanol 37 C4H8O2 Ethyl acetate 38 C2H5Cl Ethyl chloride 39 C8H10 Ethylbenzene 40 C2H4 Ethylene.

4 41 C2H6O2 Ethylene glycol 42 C2H4O Ethylene oxide 43 F2 Fluorine . 44 C3H8O3 Glycerol 45 H2 Hydrogen . 46 HCl Hydrogen chloride 47 CHN Hydrogen cyanide 48 H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide 49 C4H10 i-Butane (iso-Butane) 50 CH4 Methane . 51 CH4O Methanol Fonts used:Times & Universal 55 family Margins:Top:3p6 Gutter:4p6 Font Size:9/10 pt Text Width:41p6 Depth:65 Lines Elsevier US Job Code:CAPA Chapter:0capaappC 22-12-2006 5:31 Page:829 in 11 in APPENDIX C 829. TABLE C-1 (continued). L = A B (1 T/ Tc)n ( L g/ml, T K). No. Formula Substance A B n Tc Tmin Tmax L at 25 C. 52 CH3Br Methyl bromide 53 CH3Cl Methyl chloride 54 C6H12O Methyl isobutyl ketone 55 CH5N Methylamine 56 C8H10 m-Xylene 57 C10H8 Naphthalene . 58 C4H10 n-Butane 59 C10H22 n-Decane 60 C7H16 n-Heptane 61 C6H14 n-Hexane 62 C6H5NO2 Nitrobenzene 63 N2 Nitrogen . 64 C9H20 n-Nonane 65 C8H18 n-Octane 66 C5H12 n-Pentane 67 O2 Oxygen.

5 68 C8H10 o-Xylene 69 C6H6O Phenol . 70 C8H10 p-Xylene 71 C5H5N Pyridine 72 C8H8 Styrene 73 C7H8 Toluene 74 C4H6O2 Vinyl acetate 75 H2O Water L density of liquid, g/ml A, B, n, and Tc regression coefficients of chemical compound T temperature, K. Tmin minimum temperature, K. Tmax maximum temperature, K. Fonts used:Times & Universal 55 family Margins:Top:3p6 Gutter:4p6 Font Size:9/10 pt Text Width:41p6 Depth:65 Lines Elsevier US Job Code:CAPA Chapter:0capaappC 22-12-2006 5:31 Page:830 in 11 in 830 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS AND GASES . TABLE C-2 Viscosity of Gas G = A + BT + CT 2. No. Formula Substance A B C Tmin Tmax G at 25 C G at Tmin G at Tmax 1 C2H3Cl3 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 01 05 347 997 2 C2H3Cl3 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 01 05 387 987 3 C2H4Cl2 1,1-Dichloroethane 01 04 320 472 4 C2H4Cl2 1,2-Dichloroethane 01 05 322 561 5 C4H6 1,3-Butadiene 01 05 250 650 6 C4H8O2 1,4-Dioxane 16701 01 05 374 994 7 C4H10O 1-Butanol (n-Butanol) 01 05 391 1000 8 C4H8 1-Butene 01 05 175 800 9 C10H20 1-Decene 01 05 444 1000 10 C9H20 1-Nonane (n-Nonane) 01 07 273 773 11 C8H16 1-Octene 01 05 394 994 12 C3H8O 1-Propanol (n-Propanol)

6 01 05 200 1000 13 C2H4O Acetaldehyde 01 05 294 1000 14 C2H4O2 Acetic acid 01 04 366 523 15 C4H6O3 Acetic anhydride 01 05 295 993 16 C3H6O Acetone 01 06 300 650 17 C3H4O2 Acrylic acid 01 05 287 1000 18 NH3 Ammonia 01 06 195 1000 19 C6H7N Aniline 01 05 458 1000 20 C6H6 Benzene 01 06 287 628 21 C4H8O2 Butyric acid 01 05 268 1000 22 CS2 Carbon disulfide 01 05 273 583 23 CO2 Carbon dioxide 01 04 195 1500 24 CO Carbon monoxide 01 04 68 1250 25 CCl4 Carbon tetrachloride 01 04 280 800 26 CHCl3 Chloroform 01 05 250 700 27 Cl2 Chlorine 01 05 200 1000 28 C6H12 Cyclohexane 01 05 315 600 29 C6H12O Cyclohexanol 01 05 400 1000 30 C3H6 Cyclopropane 01 04 240 446 31 CH2Cl2 Dichloromethane 01 05 273 993 32 C4H10O Diethyl ether 01 05 200 1000 33 C5H10O Diethyl ketone 01 05 234 1000 34 C2H7N Dimethylamine 01 06 250 450 35 C2H6 Ethane 01 05 150 1000 36 C2H6O Ethanol 01 05 200 1000 37 C4H8O2 Ethyl acetate 01 05 190 1000 38 C2H5Cl Ethyl chloride 01 05 213 523 39 C8H10 Ethylbenzene 01 05 409 1000 40 C2H4 Ethylene 01 04 150 1000 41 C2H6O2 Ethylene glycol 01 05 260 1000 42 C2H4O Ethylene oxide 01 05 250 1000 43 F2 Fluorine 01 04 90 500 44 C3H8O3 Glycerol 01 05 563 993 45 H2 Hydrogen 01 05 150 1500 46 HCl Hydrogen chloride 01 04 200 1000 47 CHN Hydrogen cyanide 02 05 300 425 48 H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide 01 05 373 600 49 C4H10 i-Butane (iso-Butane) 01 05 150 1000 50 CH4 Methane 01 04 91 850 51 CH3OH Methanol 01 05 240 1000 Fonts used:Times & Universal 55 family Margins:Top:3p6 Gutter:4p6 Font Size:9/10 pt Text Width:41p6 Depth:65 Lines Elsevier US Job Code:CAPA Chapter:0capaappC 22-12-2006 5:31 Page:831 in 11 in APPENDIX C 831.

7 TABLE C-2 (continued). G = A + BT + CT 2. No .Formula Substance A B C Tmin Tmax G at 25 C G at Tmin G at Tmax 52 CH 3 Br Methyl bromide 01 05 260 440 53 CH 3 Cl Methyl chloride 01 05 230 700 54 C 6 H 12 O Methyl isobutyl ketone 01 05 189 1000 55 CH 5 N Methylamine 01 05 267 1000 56 C8H10 m-Xylene 01 05 250 1000 57 C10H8 Naphthalene 01 05 353 1000 58 C4H10 n-Butane 01 05 150 1200 59 C10H22 n-Decane 01 06 287 783 60 C7H16 n-Heptane 01 05 338 700 61 C6H14 n-Hexane 01 05 300 1000 62 C6H5NO2 Nitrobenzene 01 05 450 1000 63 N2 Nitrogen 01 05 150 1500 64 C9H20 n-Nonane 01 07 273 773 65 C8H18 n-Octane 01 05 374 670 66 C5H12 n-Pentane 01 05 303 900 67 O2 Oxygen 01 04 150 1500 68 C8H10 o-Xylene 01 05 250 1000 69 C6H6O Phenol 01 05 455 1000 70 C3H8 Propane 01 04 193 750 71 C8H10 p-Xylene 01 05 286 1000 72 C5H5N Pyridine 01 05 369 998 73 C8H8 Styrene 01 05 243 1000 74 SO2 Sulfur dioxide 01 04 200 1000 75

8 C7H8 Toluene 01 06 275 600 76 C4H6O2 Vinyl acetate 01 05 346 1000 77 H2O Water 01 05 280 1073 G viscosity of gas, P. A, B, and C regression coefficients for chemical compound T temperature, K. Tmin minimum temperature, K. Tmax maximum temperature, K. Fonts used:Times & Universal 55 family Margins:Top:3p6 Gutter:4p6 Font Size:9/10 pt Text Width:41p6 Depth:65 Lines Elsevier US Job Code:CAPA Chapter:0capaappC 22-12-2006 5:31 Page:832 in 11 in 832 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS AND GASES . TABLE C-3 Viscosity of LIQUIDS log10 liq = A + B/T + CT + CT 2. liq liq No. Formula Substance A B C D Tmin Tmax at 25 C at Tmax 1 C2H3Cl3 1,1,1-Trichloroethane +02 03 06 243 545 2 C2H3Cl3 1,1,2-Trichloroethane +02 03 06 237 602 3 C2H4Cl2 1,1-Dichloroethane +02 03 06 176 523 4 C2H4Cl2 1,2-Dichloroethane +02 03 06 245 561 5 C4H6 1,3-Butadiene +01 03 06 250 425 6 C4H8O2 1,4-Dioxane +03 02 05 288 587 7 C4H10O 1-Butanol (n-Butanol) +03 03 06 250 563 8 C4H8 1-Butene +02 02 05 160 420 9 C10H20 1-Decene +03 02 05 273 617 10 C9H20 1-Nonane (n-Nonane) +02 02 05 220 596 11 C8H16 1-Octene +02 02 05 250 567 12 C3H8O 1-Propanol (n-Propanol)

9 +02 03 06 220 537 13 C2H4O Acetaldehyde +02 02 05 260 461 14 C2H4O2 Acetic acid +02 03 06 290 593 15 C4H6O3 Acetic anhydride +03 02 05 265 569 16 C3H6O Acetone +02 02 05 223 508 17 C3H4O2 Acrylic acid +03 02 05 293 615 18 NH3 Ammonia +02 02 05 195 406 19 C6H7N Aniline +03 02 05 268 699 20 C6H6 Benzene +03 02 05 285 562 21 C4H8O2 Butyric acid +03 02 05 268 628 22 CS2 Carbon disulfide +03 02 05 235 552 23 CO2 Carbon dioxide +03 02 04 219 304 24 CO Carbon monoxide +01 03 06 69 133 25 CCl4 Carbon tetrachloride +03 02 05 265 556 26 Cl2 Chlorine +02 04 07 172 417 27 CHCl3 Chloroform 47831 +02 02 05 210 536 28 C6H12 Cyclohexane +02 02 05 285 554 29 C6H12O Cyclohexanol +03 03 07 303 625 30 C3H6 Cyclopropane +02 03 05 146 398 31 CH2Cl2 Dichloromethane +02 02 05 208 510 32 C4H10O Diethyl ether +03 02 05 233 467 33 C5H10O Diethyl ketone +03 02 05 274 561 34 C2H7N Dimethylamine +03 02 05 240 438 35 C2H6 Ethane +02 02 05 98 305 36 C2H6O Ethanol +03 02 05 240 516 37 C4H8O2 Ethyl acetate +02 03 05 220 523 38 C2H5Cl Ethyl chloride +02 02 05 150 460 39 C8H10 Ethylbenzene +02 02 05 210 617 40 C2H4 Ethylene +02 02 05 105 282 41 C2H6O2 Ethylene glycol +03 02 05 261 645 42 C2H4O Ethylene oxide +02 02 05 190 469 43 F2 Fluorine +01 04 06 54 145 44 C3H8O3 Glycerol +03 02 05 293 723 45 H2 Hydrogen +01 01 03 14 33 46 HCl Hydrogen chloride +02 03 05 159 325 47 CHN Hydrogen cyanide +03 02 05 260 457 48 H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide +02 04 06 273 728 49 C4H10 i-Butane (iso-Butane) +03 02 05 190 408 50 CH4 Methane +02 02 04 91 191 Fonts used:Times & Universal 55 family Margins:Top:3p6 Gutter:4p6 Font Size:9/10 pt Text Width:41p6 Depth:65 Lines Elsevier US Job Code:CAPA Chapter:0capaappC 22-12-2006 5:31 Page.

10 833 in 11 in APPENDIX C 833. TABLE C-3 (continued). log10 liq = A + B/T + CT + CT 2. liq liq No. Formula Substance A B C D T min T max at 25 C at Tmax 51 CH3Br Methyl bromide +03 02 05 193 467 52 CH3Cl Methyl chloride +02 02 05 249 416 53 C6H12O Methyl isobutyl ketone +02 03 06 246 571 54 CH5N Methylamine +02 02 05 180 430 55 C8H10 m-Xylene +02 02 05 225 617 56 C10H8 Naphthalene +03 02 05 353 748 57 C4H10 n-Butane +02 02 05 180 425 58 C10H22 n-Decane +03 02 05 243 618 59 C7H16 n-Heptane +02 02 05 183 540 60 C6H14 n-Hexane +02 02 05 178 507 61 C6H5NO2 Nitrobenzene +03 02 05 273 719 62 N2 Nitrogen +02 01 04 63 125 63 C9H20 n-Nonane +02 02 05 220 596 64 C8H18 n-Octane +02 02 05 216 569 65 C5H12 n-Pentane +02 02 05 143 470 66 O2 Oxygen +02 02 04 54 150 67 C8H10 o-Xylene +03 02 05 268 630 68 C6H6O Phenol +02 03 06 318 694 69 C8H10 p-Xylene +03 02 05 288 616 70 C5H5N Pyridine +03 02 05 232 620 71 C8H8 Styrene +03 02 05 243 648 72 SO2 Sulfur